Florfenicol, ib qho tshuaj monofluorinated synthetic ntawm thiamphenicol, yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab ntawm chloramphenicol rau kev siv tsiaj txhu, uas tau tsim tau zoo hauv xyoo 1980s.
Yog tias muaj kab mob ntau zaus, ntau lub teb ua liaj ua teb npua siv florfenicol ntau zaus los tiv thaiv lossis kho cov kab mob npua. Txawm yog hom kab mob dab tsi los xij, txawm yog pawg twg lossis theem twg los xij, qee tus neeg ua liaj ua teb siv cov tshuaj florfenicol ntau heev los kho lossis tiv thaiv kab mob. Florfenicol tsis yog tshuaj kho mob panacea. Yuav tsum siv kom tsim nyog kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Cov hauv qab no yog kev qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog kev siv florfenicol, vam tias yuav pab txhua tus:
1. Cov khoom tua kab mob ntawm florfenicol
(1) Florfenicol yog tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj ntau yam kab mob tua kab mob tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob Gram-positive thiab negative thiab mycoplasma. Cov kab mob rhiab heev suav nrog bovine thiab porcine Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory zoo dua.
(2) Kev ntsuam xyuas hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo qhia tau tias nws cov haujlwm tua kab mob zoo dua li cov tshuaj tua kab mob tam sim no, xws li thiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin thiab cov quinolones uas siv dav tam sim no.
(3) Ua haujlwm sai, florfenicol tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov concentration kho mob hauv cov ntshav 1 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg, thiab qhov concentration tshuaj siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag hauv 1.5-3 teev; ua haujlwm ntev, kev concentration tshuaj hauv cov ntshav zoo tuaj yeem khaws cia ntau dua 20 teev tom qab ib zaug siv.
(4) Nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav-lub hlwb thaiv, thiab nws cov nyhuv kho rau cov kab mob meningitis tsiaj tsis sib piv rau lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
(5) Nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim thaum siv rau hauv qhov ntau uas pom zoo, kov yeej qhov txaus ntshai ntawm aplastic anemia thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom uas tshwm sim los ntawm thiamphenicol, thiab yuav tsis ua rau tsiaj txhu thiab zaub mov puas tsuaj. Nws yog siv rau kev kis kab mob ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub cev uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv tsiaj txhu. Kev kho mob npua, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ua pa, mob meningitis, pleurisy, mastitis, kab mob plab hnyuv thiab postpartum syndrome hauv npua.
2. Cov kab mob uas yooj yim kis tau ntawm florfenicol thiab cov kab mob npua florfenicol uas nyiam dua
(1) Cov kab mob npua uas florfenicol yog qhov zoo dua
Cov khoom no raug pom zoo ua cov tshuaj xaiv rau swine pneumonia, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia thiab Haemophilus parasuis kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho cov kab mob uas tiv taus fluoroquinolones thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob.
(2) Florfenicol kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob npua hauv qab no
Nws kuj tseem siv tau los kho cov kab mob ua pa uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob Streptococcus (mob ntsws), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (mob ntsws npua), thiab lwm yam; salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (piglet hawb pob) Cov kab mob hauv txoj hnyuv xws li enteritis uas tshwm sim los ntawm raws plab daj, raws plab dawb, mob ntsws npua) thiab lwm yam kab mob rhiab heev. Florfenicol tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho cov kab mob npua no, tab sis nws tsis yog tshuaj xaiv rau cov kab mob npua no, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog kev ceev faj.
3. Siv florfenicol tsis raug
(1) Cov koob tshuaj loj dhau los yog me dhau. Qee cov koob tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke txog li 400 mg / kg, thiab cov koob tshuaj txhaj tshuaj txog li 40-100 mg / kg, lossis siab dua. Qee qhov me me li 8 ~ 15mg / kg. Cov koob tshuaj loj yog lom, thiab cov koob tshuaj me me tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
(2) Lub sijhawm ntev dhau lawm. Qee tus siv tshuaj ntau dhau mus ntev yam tsis muaj kev txwv.
(3) Kev siv cov khoom thiab theem tsis raug. Cov npua cev xeeb tub thiab cov npua rog siv cov tshuaj no yam tsis xaiv ntsej muag, ua rau muaj tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj seem, ua rau kev tsim khoom thiab zaub mov tsis zoo.
(4) Kev sib haum tsis zoo. Ib txhia neeg feem ntau siv florfenicol ua ke nrog sulfonamides thiab cephalosporins. Seb nws puas yog kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog los tshawb nrhiav.
(5) Kev pub mis thiab kev tswj hwm sib xyaw tsis sib npaug, ua rau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj lom.
4. Kev siv cov tshuaj florfenicol ceev faj
(1) Cov khoom no yuav tsum tsis txhob muab ua ke nrog macrolides (xws li tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, thiab lwm yam), lincosamide (xws li lincomycin, clindamycin) thiab diterpenoid semi-synthetic antibiotics - Tiamulin ua ke, thaum ua ke tuaj yeem tsim cov teebmeem antagonistic.
(2) Cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog β-lactone amines (xws li penicillins, cephalosporins) thiab fluoroquinolones (xws li enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, thiab lwm yam), vim tias cov khoom no yog ib qho inhibitor ntawm cov protein kab mob Synthetic ua haujlwm sai bacteriostatic tus neeg sawv cev, qhov tom kawg yog cov kab mob ua haujlwm sai thaum lub sijhawm yug me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm tus thawj, cov kab mob protein synthesis yog sai inhibited, cov kab mob tsis loj hlob thiab multiplying, thiab cov kab mob bactericidal nyhuv ntawm qhov tom kawg yog qaug zog. Yog li ntawd, thaum kev kho mob xav tau exertion sai sterilization nyhuv, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ua ke.
(3) Cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog sulfadiazine sodium rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj alkaline thaum noj los yog intramuscularly, yog li kom tsis txhob lwj thiab ua tsis tiav. Nws kuj tsis haum rau kev txhaj tshuaj intravenous nrog tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, thiab lwm yam, kom tsis txhob muaj nag thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm.
(4) Cov leeg nqaij lwj thiab necrosis yuav tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg nqaij tob ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub pob tw, thiab nws tsis zoo kom rov txhaj tshuaj dua ntawm tib qho chaw.
(5) Vim tias cov khoom no yuav muaj kev phom sij rau menyuam hauv plab, nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog kev ceev faj rau cov menyuam cev xeeb tub thiab cov menyuam mos.
(6) Thaum lub cev kub ntawm cov npua mob siab, nws tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj antipyretic analgesics thiab dexamethasone, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
(7) Hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho tus kab mob ua pa ntawm npua (PRDC), qee tus neeg pom zoo kom siv florfenicol thiab amoxicillin ua ke, florfenicol thiab tylosin, thiab florfenicol thiab tylosin. Tsim nyog, vim tias los ntawm qhov pom ntawm pharmacological, ob qho no tsis tuaj yeem siv ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, florfenicol tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog tetracyclines xws li doxycycline.
(8) Cov khoom no muaj tshuaj lom rau cov ntshav. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis ua rau cov pob txha tsis muaj zog aplastic anemia, qhov kev txwv tsis pub rov qab ntawm erythropoiesis los ntawm nws yog ntau dua li ntawm chloramphenicol (xiam oob qhab). Nws yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj lossis cov tsiaj uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav.
(9) Kev siv mus sij hawm ntev yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem zom zaub mov thiab tsis muaj vitamin txaus lossis cov tsos mob ntawm kev kis kab mob.
(10) Thaum tiv thaiv thiab kho tus kab mob npua, yuav tsum tau ceev faj, thiab cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv raws li qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab kev kho mob uas tau teev tseg, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tsis raug kom tsis txhob muaj cov teeb meem tsis zoo.
(11) Rau cov tsiaj uas muaj mob raum tsis zoo, yuav tsum txo cov tshuaj lossis lub sijhawm siv tshuaj yuav tsum ntev dua.
(12) Yog tias qhov kub qis, pom tias qhov nrawm ntawm kev yaj qeeb; lossis cov tshuaj uas tau npaj muaj cov nag ntawm florfenicol, thiab nws tsuas yog xav tau me ntsis cua sov (tsis pub ntau tshaj 45 ℃) kom yaj tag nrho sai. Cov tshuaj uas tau npaj lawm zoo tshaj plaws siv tag nrho hauv 48 teev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-09-2022