Cov ntsaum hluav taws liab (Solenopsis invicta) tau ua ib qho kab tsuag loj heev hauv Tebchaws Meskas txij li thaum lawv tau pom hauv kev xa khoom ntawm xyoo 1933 thiab 1945. Lawv cov kab ua rau mob heev thiab ua rau Tebchaws Meskas raug nqi ntau dua $ 8 billion txhua xyoo. Niaj hnub no, cov ntsaum hluav taws liab pom muaj nyob rau hauv 19 lub xeev, feem ntau nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv California. Lawv kuj yug me nyuam ntau hauv Australia thiab Suav teb.
Xyoo 1958, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim tsa txoj cai tswjfwm kev cais tawm hauv tebchaws rau kev xa cov ntsaum hluav taws los txwv kev txav mus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom uas tuaj yeem kis cov kab no. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov nom tswv feem ntau ntseeg tias kev kis tus kab ntsaum hluav taws yog txuas nrog kev thauj cov noob cog. Cov thawj coj saib xyuas chaw cog qoob loo yav dhau los tau txau cov tshuaj tua kab hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom tswj tau cov ntsaum hluav taws, tab sis kev siv ntau yam tshuaj tua kab (xws li chlorpyrifos) tam sim no raug txwv, thiab cov tshuaj no kim heev.
Ib pab neeg tshawb fawb los ntawm USDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, thiab Tennessee State University tau kawm txog cov hau kev los txo cov kab ntsaum hluav taws siv cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab uas siv rau cov hauv paus ntawm cov noob.tshuaj tua kabua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug cov ntsaum hluav taws thiab tuaj yeem xa cov tshuaj lom mus rau lwm cov ntsaum hauv lub zes. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, luam tawm thaum Lub Peb Hlis hauv Journal of Economic Entomology, qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kabfiproniltxo qis cov kab ntsaum hluav taws hauv cov hauv paus ntawm cov noob ntoo.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab cov pawg ntsaum hluav taws (xws li cov ntsaum ua haujlwm, qe, cov menyuam kab, cov kab menyuam, thiab poj huab tais) tso rau hauv cov hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag Buxus microphylla. Ib nrab ntawm cov hauv paus tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab bifenthrin. Plaub hom tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab sib txawv—fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, thiab fipronil—tau siv ua cov tshuaj tswj, nrog rau dej. Cov teebmeem ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab kuj tau raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas tseem tshuav hauv kev tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob tau txiav txim siab.
Fipronil tau qhia txog kev tua kab zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj kab tsuag ntawm 99.99%, ua raws li indoxacarb (99.33%) thiab imidacloprid (99.49%). Thaum plaub hom tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab no tau muab ua ke nrog bifenthrin, lawv cov kev tua kab tau txo qis heev (tshwj tsis yog fipronil, uas tau ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm 94.29%). Txhawm rau sim qhov kev siv nyiaj ntawm fipronil hauv kev tswj kab tsuag, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim nrog cov concentration qis dua thiab pom tias kev tua kab tau txo qis ntau dua 90%, thiab cov concentration fipronil sib txawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov kab tsuag. Kev siv cov concentration pom zoo ntawm fipronil tau tiv thaiv kab tsuag tau txog rau lub hlis, thaum siv ib nrab ntawm cov koob tshuaj ua rau muaj cov kab tsuag seem hauv cov hauv paus ntoo.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tias: "Ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab, dinotefuran (nrog lossis tsis muaj bifenthrin) tau muab kev tswj hwm qib kev cais tawm zoo tshaj plaws, nrog 75% (8) ntawm cov hauv paus tseem tsis muaj kab. Cov hauv paus kho nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, thiab fipronil) ... muaj cov nqi tsis muaj kab ntawm 0-38%.
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau hais tias fipronil kim dua li ob hom tshuaj tua kab uas tau pom zoo raws li txoj cai tswjfwm kev cais cov ntsaum hluav taws hauv tebchaws - chlorpyrifos thiab bifenthrin. Kev txo cov fipronil siv tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis lawv tau sau tias, "Yuav tsum muaj kev sim ntau dua los txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov fipronil sib txawv rau cov noob qoob loo uas tsis muaj kab thiab cov uas muaj kab."
Txawm li cas los xij, fipronil nws tus kheej kuj muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb. Nws yooj yim yaj hauv dej, lom rau muv (Apis mellifera), thiab tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm cov dej ntws, tshuaj tsuag, thiab cov nroj tsuag. Cov cai thiab kev txwv ntawm daim ntawv lo tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab no rau muv. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias, "Rau cov chaw cog qoob loo, siv fipronil tsuas yog rau cov hauv paus ntawm cov ntoo uas raug txiav ua ntej paj yuav tsum txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug rau muv." Lawv ntxiv tias xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab los tswj cov ntsaum liab.
Cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tua kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj cov ntsaum hluav taws liab (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ntawm cov noob cog hauv daim teb.
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov muv muv zoo dua thaum lawv tsim tau ntau propolis (ib yam khoom siv uas siv los kaw lub zes muv). Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau sim ntau txoj hauv kev yooj yim uas cov neeg yug muv siv tau los ua kom muaj propolis ntau ntxiv hauv lub zes muv.
Ben Puttler, ib tug xib fwb emeritus ntawm University of Missouri thiab ib tug kws tshawb txog kab tsuag, tsis yog tsuas yog paub txog nws cov kev pab cuam keeb kwm rau kev tswj kab tsuag xwb tab sis kuj yog nws txoj kev qhia zoo rau ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov npoj yaig txog kab tsuag. Hauv kev rov xyuas dua ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, ob tug npoj yaig xav txog Puttler cov kev ua tiav thiab kev pab txhawb nqa.
Tus kab khapra ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau cov qoob loo khaws cia thiab yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev hla ciam teb. Cov kws tshawb fawb Canadian tau txheeb xyuas qhov kub thiab txias uas tua tus kab txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej, suav nrog diapause.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-13-2026
