Ua ntej cog cov noob txiv nkhaus taw, yuav tsum tau npaj cov av thiab siv cov chiv ua chiv.Txij theem noob lossis tom qab cov noob ciaj sia, yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab txiav kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias cov ceg tau faib sib npaug,tsob ntoo muaj lub teeb nkag mus zoo, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev txi txiv, thiab ua rau tsob ntoo zoo li tsob ntoo uas tawg paj ntxov, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ruaj khov. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua rau tsob ntoo tsis nkag tau zoo, muaj kab mob hnyav thiab kab tsuag, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg tom qab txi txiv.
I. Cov txheej txheem txiav thiab ua kom zoo nkauj
1. Txoj kev ua kom lub hau puag ncig ntuj. Tom qab cog cov nroj tsuag lawm, thaum nws loj hlob mus txog qhov siab 60-70 centimeters, txiav sab saud tawm kom tsim tau lub cev tseem ceeb. Cov ceg ntoo sab thawj zaug yuav tsum nyob deb li ntawm 30-40 centimeters ntawm lub cev tseem ceeb, thiab cov ceg ntoo sab thib ob yuav tsum nyob deb li ntawm 25-35 centimeters ntawm ceg ntoo tseem ceeb. Rov ua qhov no kom ua tau lub kaus mom ntoo puag ncig.
2. Nws yog ib txoj kev ua kom lub cev nruab nrab zoo li lub cev. Thaum cov nroj tsuag loj hlob mus txog qhov siab ntawm 60-70 centimeters, lub qia tseem ceeb yuav raug txiav thiab kho. Muaj 3 ceg tseem ceeb hauv txheej thawj, thiab 3-4 ceg tseem ceeb tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv txheej thib ob, sib nrug li 20 centimeters ntawm ceg tseem ceeb thib ob. Tsob ntoo no muaj lub qia tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab uas sawv ntsug thiab nce mus rau saum. Lub kaus mom ntoo tsim ob txheej nplooj, ib txheej me dua rau saum thiab ib txheej loj dua rau hauv qab.
3. Txoj kev ua kom zoo li tus kiv cua ntuj. Txoj kev no yuav tsum tau nias cov ntsis ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lawv siab txog 50 txog 90 centimeters, kom txhawb kev ceg thiab khaws 3 ceg tseem ceeb. Txheej thib ob ntawm cov ceg tseem ceeb ua ib daim duab hla kab pheeb ces kaum nrog txheej thawj ntawm cov ceg tseem ceeb, thiab qhov kev taw qhia yog interlaced nrog txheej thawj. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txiav cov ceg me me, cog ntom ntom, thiab cog qoob loo ntau, uas ua rau muaj cua nkag thiab lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv cov kab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo li tus kiv cua thiab kev txiav yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse siab thiab siv zog ntau.
II. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Txiv Maum Uas Muaj Qoob Loo Zoo
1. Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Tshuaj Chiv. Ntxiv rau qhov kev txiav thiab ua kom zoo li qub uas tau hais los saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov tshuaj chiv organic thiab cov tshuaj chiv zoo ua cov tshuaj chiv. Thaum lub sijhawm paj ntawm cov ntoo txiv nkhaus taw loj hlob (ib hlis ua ntej paj, piv txwv li, Cuaj Hlis-Kaum Hli), yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj chiv uas ua rau paj tawg, feem ntau yog cov nitrogen (urea) thiab potassium (potassium nitrate); thaum lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis, thaum lub sijhawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nthuav dav, yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj chiv uas pab txhawb txiv hmab txiv ntoo; tom qab sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj chiv organic ua cov tshuaj chiv tseem ceeb.
2. Tswj kom muaj ntau ntxiv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav paj ntawm cov txiv nkhaus taw, yog tias muaj nag thiab huab cua txias, cov paj tawg ntxov tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm tes, thiab cov tshuaj paclobutrazol ntawm 500 milligrams ib liter tuaj yeem txau kom ncua lub sijhawm paj. Yog tias huab cua zoo, ethylene tuaj yeem txau kom txhawb kev paj ntawm cov ntoo thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ntau dhau.Tshem tawm cov paj uas tuab dhau ntawm tes kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob zoo ib yam.
3. Kev tswj kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Cov kab mob uas feem ntau ntawm txiv nkhaus taw muaj xws li anthracnose, powdery mildew, thiab gummosis. Cov tshuaj siv tau los tiv thaiv lossis tswj ua ntej lossis thaum ntxov ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Rau anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 400-600 zaug, lossis 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ntawm 1000-1500 zaug, lossis 50% benomyl WP ntawm 800-1000 zaug, lossis 25% mancozeb EC ntawm 2000-3000 zaug siv tau los tswj. Rau powdery mildew, 20% triadimefon EC ntawm 800 zaug lossis 15% triadimefon WP ntawm 500 zaug siv tau. Rau gummosis, qhov mob tuaj yeem txiav nrog riam, thiab cov qhov txhab kho thiab tiv thaiv xeb tuaj yeem siv los kaw qhov txhab. Siv cov zaj duab xis tshiab uas muaj roj ntau thiab tsuag 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 800 zaug.
Tswj kom muaj ntau ntxiv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav paj ntawm cov txiv nkhaus taw, yog tias muaj nag thiab huab cua txias, cov paj tawg ntxov tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm tes, thiab cov tshuaj paclobutrazol ntawm 500 milligrams ib liter tuaj yeem txau kom ncua lub sijhawm paj. Yog tias huab cua zoo, ethylene tuaj yeem txau kom txhawb kev paj ntawm cov ntoo thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ntau dhau. Tshem tawm ntawm tes cov paj tawg ntau dhau kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob zoo ib yam.
Kev tswj kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Cov kab mob uas feem ntau ntawm txiv nkhaus taw muaj xws li anthracnose, powdery mildew, thiab gummosis. Cov tshuaj siv tau los tiv thaiv lossis tswj ua ntej lossis thaum ntxov ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Rau anthracnose, 80% mancozeb WP ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 400-600 zaug, lossis 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ntawm 1000-1500 zaug, lossis 50% benomyl WP ntawm 800-1000 zaug, lossis 25% mancozeb EC ntawm 2000-3000 zaug siv tau los tswj. Rau powdery mildew, 20% triadimefon EC ntawm 800 zaug lossis 15% triadimefon WP ntawm 500 zaug siv tau. Rau gummosis, qhov mob tuaj yeem txiav nrog riam, thiab cov qhov txhab kho thiab tiv thaiv xeb tuaj yeem siv los kaw qhov txhab. Siv cov zaj duab xis tshiab uas muaj roj ntau thiab tsuag 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 800 zaug.
Cov kab tsuag tseem ceeb suav nrog cov npauj npaim hmo ntuj, cov kab laug sab hauv qhov ncauj tiaj tiaj, cov kab laum ntoo, thiab cov yoov me me. Ntxiv rau kev siv cov txheej txheem tswj kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, thaum cov paj mos lossis cov paj tawm los ntawm 1 txog 3 centimeters, cov tshuaj siv lead ua 90% carbaryl ntawm qhov concentration 1000 npaug tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj. Tshuaj tsuag ib zaug txhua 7 txog 10 hnub, thiab rov ua qhov txheej txheem no 2 txog 3 zaug. Rau cov yoov ntoo, 30% carbaryl emulsifiable concentrate ntawm 80 txog 100 npaug ntawm qhov concentration tuaj yeem txhaj rau hauv cov qhov, thiab tom qab ntawd kaw cov qhov qhib. Rau cov yoov me me, methyl eugenol tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntes thiab tua. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntawv me me plaub fab ntawm cov ntoo fiber uas tau muab tso rau hauv methyl eugenol thiab 3% malathion kua raug dai rau ntawm cov ntoo rau kev ntes.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-27-2026
