1. Brassinosteroids muaj dav nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog
Thaum lub sij hawm evolution, cov nroj tsuag maj mam tsim endogenous cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tes hauj lwm los teb rau ntau yam kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig. Ntawm lawv, brassinoids yog ib hom phytosterols uas muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa cell elongation. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag lub nceeg vaj los ntawm qis mus rau siab dua cov nroj tsuag, thiab kaum ob ntawm brassinoids analogs tau pom.
2. Ntuj brassinoids yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws "tus yuam sij" los qhib txoj hauv kev endogenous brassinoids.
Ntuj brassinoids feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv paj thiab noob, tswj kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob, noob maturation, txhawb nqa elongation thiab hauv paus morphology, thiab kuj plays lub luag hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab [3, 5]. Thawj brassinoids uas nws cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas yog brassinolide BL (Daim duab 1-1). Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov ntsiab lus ntuj yog qhov tsawg heev thiab kev lag luam extraction tsis tuaj yeem paub. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Cov nroj tsuag paub txog cov tshuaj hormones sensing thiab teb los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "xauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb", thiab ntuj brassinoids yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws "tus yuam sij" qhib qhov rooj rau brassinoids teb. Lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov receptors thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li ntau yam hluavtaws brassinolides. Exogenous daim ntawv thov ntawm ntuj brassinoids tuaj yeem nkag siab sai thiab nqus tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tsis txaus ntawm endogenous brassinoids tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam, tso cai rau cov hlwb teb sai sai, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj kev tsis lees paub, thiab kev nyab xeeb siab.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Daim duab 2), raws li ib tug tshiab brassinosteroid analog nyob rau hauv rapeseed paj ntoos, yuav muab rho tawm thiab refined nyob rau hauv batch siv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov kuab tshuaj. Nws yog thawj lub ntuj brassinosteroid kom paub txog kev lag luam ntawm ntsuab extraction. . 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid yog cais raws li tshuaj lom me ntsis los yog tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv Suav tshuaj tua kab toxicity cais. Kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig toxicological yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab yooj yim degradable, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig kev noj qab haus huv tsawg (RQ<1). Nws muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab tib neeg. Ib puag ncig thiab biosafety, nws tsuas yog cov khoom siv cog qoob loo nkaus xwb hauv lub tebchaws uas tau txais lub teb chaws "ntse zaub mov tsim cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj" thiab Tebchaws Meskas cov ntawv pov thawj organic.
3. Daim ntawv thov kev xyaum ua pov thawj tias ntuj brassinoids tuaj yeem txhawb cov txiaj ntsig siab thiab nce nyiaj tau los
(1) Txhawb nqa paj sib txawv thiab khaws paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Cov qoob loo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob paj. Txau tej yam ntuj tso brassinoids thaum lub sij hawm lub paj txawv theem thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas txiv hmab txiv ntoo theem, los yog ntxiv ib tug npaum li cas ntawm tej yam ntuj tso brassinoids thaum lub sij hawm tsim pollination yuav ua rau kom muaj nuj nqis thiab zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo blooms thiab txo deformed paj. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho pollination efficiency, nce cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txo cov paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev cog thiab tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau xws li kiwi, citrus, kua, thiab jujube.
Kiwifruit yog ib hom dioecious vine. Hauv kev xyaum tsim khoom, kev tsim pollination yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom muaj pollination thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum ntau tshaj 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov ntoo tau tawg, siv ntuj brassinoids hmoov sib xyaw nrog paj ntoos ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 1/50 rau cov ntsiab lus dag pollination los yog ntuj brassinoids aqueous tov diluted 2500 zaug rau tshuaj tsuag pollination, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tuaj. tus nqi ntawm kiwifruit thiab txhawb Cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin C thiab kab kawm nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ho txhim kho kev cia thiab thauj khoom thiab khoom noj khoom haus muaj nqis. kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo. (Daim duab 3-4)[6]. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas ntawm kiwifruit, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ntuj brassinoids, gibberellin, thiab auxin tuaj yeem muab txau dua, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev nthuav dav sai thiab loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas, ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib luag thiab nce 20% -30%. nyob rau hauv ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo hnyav.
Lub ntuj physiological txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob ntawm citrus yog loj, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhov chaw yog feem ntau tsuas yog 2% -3%. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub paj zoo thiab ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob yog siv ua ntej paj, 2/3 ntawm cov paj tau ploj mus, thiab 5 mus rau 7 hnub ua ntej qhov thib ob physiological txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob. Kev txau ntawm brassinoids + gibberellic acid tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo teeb tsa ntawm citrus los ntawm 20% (Guangxi Qab Zib Txiv Kab ntxwv). Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo stems tig ntsuab peb hnub ua ntej, thiab tus nqi ntawm deformed txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsawg.
(2) Hloov xim, nce qab zib, thiab txhim kho txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo
Cov me nyuam saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo sawv cev rau cov suab thaj-acid ratio nyob rau hauv lub mature theem thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamins thiab kab kawm. Thaum ntxov ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hloov xim, tsis tu ncua siv ntuj brassinoids + high-potassium foliar fertilizer sprayed 2-3 zaug thoob plaws hauv tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ua kom cov as-ham nqus thiab hloov pauv, txhim kho photosynthesis, txhawb cov piam thaj ntau ntxiv, thiab txhawb cov organic acids xws li citric acid. thiab malic acid. Lub quasi-degradation yog hloov mus rau hauv cov vitamins, flavonoids thiab lwm yam as-ham, ua rau cov piam thaj-acid piv thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm tsw tshuaj. Nws kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhawb nqa tev tev thiab kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo.
(3) Soaking thiab hnav khaub ncaws cov noob ntawm cov qoob loo cog qoob loo txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab txhawb kev tsim khoom thiab nyiaj tau los.
Qhov zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qoob loo zaub mov muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Ntuj brassinoids muaj cov teebmeem tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab xws li kub siab, drought, khov kev puas tsuaj, thiab salinity thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov qoob loo loj hlob. Ua ntej tshaj, cov noob hnav khaub ncaws, txheej thiab lwm yam kev kho mob ua ntej sowing tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov qoob loo tshwm sim thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov noob (Daim duab 9). Thib ob, tshuaj tsuag ntuj brassinoids 1-2 zaug thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qoob loo loj hlob xws li kev ua txhaum cai, paj, thiab cov qoob loo sau tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam kev nyuaj siab thiab ua rau cov zaub mov qoob loo nce ntxiv. Natural brassinoids tau raug txhawb nqa thoob plaws tebchaws rau kev tswj hwm cov qoob loo loj hlob thiab nce cov qoob loo, suav nrog 11 qhov chaw sim hauv thaj chaw ua qoob loo loj xws li Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, thiab Jiangsu, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab yield nce ntawm 13.28%, ntawm cov uas. Shanxi cov txiaj ntsig tau nce mus txog 22.36%.
(4) Txhim kho cov as-ham thiab txhawb kev tsim zaub
Siv 0.0075% ntuj brassinosteroid aqueous tov diluted 2500 zaug thiab txau rau saum nplooj ntawm zaub 1-2 zaug los txhim kho cov qoob loo nqus thiab siv cov as-ham, txhim khu photosynthesis, thiab txhawb cov zaub ntau lawm. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim sab hauv tsev pom tau tias 6 hnub tom qab txau nplooj, thaj chaw nplooj ntawm pakchoi hauv cov pab pawg kho mob brassinosteroid ntuj tau nce 20% piv nrog cov dej ntshiab.
(5) Siv tau los tiv thaiv qhov txias thiab khov
"Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig" yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis zoo, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov qoob loo. Txau 8-15ml ntawm ntuj brassinoids + tshiab poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate / amino acid foliar khoom noj khoom haus 2-4 hnub ua ntej, 3 hnub tom qab, thiab 10-15 hnub tom qab txias puas los yog khov kev puas tsuaj los txhim kho cov qoob loo kom txias puas los yog khov puas. . Cov qoob loo khov sai sai rov pib loj hlob. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig yuav ua rau ntau tshaj 60% ntawm cherry calyces. Ntuj brassinoids + siab poov tshuaj foliar chiv kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm 40% thiab xyuas kom meej pollination.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, lub photosynthetic system ntawm cov qoob loo puas lawm thiab photosynthesis tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ib txwm, cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo loj hlob. 2-3 hnub ua ntej cov txiv lws suav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, tshuaj tsuag tag nrho cov nroj tsuag nrog 2000-fold dilution ntawm ntuj brassinosterol + amino acid foliar noj zaub mov kom qhib peroxidase (POD) thiab catalase (CAT) cov dej num. Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm cov pa dawb radicals hauv cov txiv lws suav los tiv thaiv cov kab mob photosynthetic ntawm cov txiv lws suav hauv qab khov thiab txhawb kev rov qab sai tom qab kev ntxhov siab.
(6) Kev sib xyaw cov nroj tsuag, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua
Ntuj brassinoids tuaj yeem ceev ceev cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm ib sab, thaum siv nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev nqus thiab thauj cov tshuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txhim kho cov nyhuv tshuaj tua kab mob; Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum muaj ntau yam tshuaj tua kab zoo li yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem, ntuj brassicas yuav tsum tau rov qab siv raws sijhawm Lub tshuaj hormone tuaj yeem ua kom cov qoob loo detoxification mechanism, ua kom cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj tua kab hauv lub cev, thiab txhawb cov qoob loo rov qab.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Feb-19-2024