Cov teeb meem dab tsi rau cov tuam txhab nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam Brazilian rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov qauv tshiab hauv kev txhawb nqa cov cai

Kev lag luam agrobiological inputs hauv Brazilian tau tswj hwm kev loj hlob sai hauv xyoo tas los no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev nyiam ntawm cov tswv yim ua liaj ua teb kom ruaj khov, thiab kev txhawb nqa txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv, Brazil maj mam dhau los ua lub khw tseem ceeb thiab chaw tsim kho tshiab rau cov khoom siv bio-agricultural thoob ntiaj teb, nyiam cov tuam txhab bio-thoob ntiaj teb los teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws.

Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam biopesticide hauv Brazil

Xyoo 2023, thaj chaw cog qoob loo ntawm Brazilian tau txog 81.82 lab hectares, uas cov qoob loo loj tshaj plaws yog taum pauv, suav txog 52% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw cog qoob loo, ua raws li pob kws lub caij ntuj no, qab zib thiab pob kws lub caij ntuj sov. Ntawm nws thaj av loj heev, Brazil'stshuaj tua kabKev ua lag luam tau txog li $ 20 billion (kev siv ua liaj ua teb kawg) hauv xyoo 2023, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab taum pauv suav nrog feem ntau ntawm tus nqi ua lag luam (58%) thiab kev ua lag luam loj hlob sai tshaj plaws hauv peb xyoos dhau los.

Qhov feem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab hauv Brazil tseem tsawg heev, tab sis nws loj hlob sai heev, nce ntxiv los ntawm 1% hauv xyoo 2018 mus rau 4% hauv xyoo 2023 hauv tsib xyoos xwb, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 38%, ntau dua li 12% kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab.

Xyoo 2023, lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam biopesticide tau mus txog tus nqi lag luam ntawm $ 800 lab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus neeg ua liaj ua teb. Ntawm lawv, hais txog pawg, cov kab mob nematocides yog pawg khoom loj tshaj plaws (feem ntau siv rau hauv taum pauv thiab qab zib); Pawg thib ob loj tshaj plaws yogcov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev, ua raws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob; CAGR siab tshaj plaws hauv tus nqi lag luam dhau lub sijhawm 2018-2023 yog rau cov kab mob nematocides, txog li 52%. Hauv cov qoob loo siv, qhov sib koom ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob taum pauv hauv tag nrho tus nqi lag luam yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, ncav cuag 55% hauv xyoo 2023; Tib lub sijhawm, taum pauv kuj yog cov qoob loo nrog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nrog 88% ntawm nws thaj chaw cog qoob loo siv cov khoom zoo li no hauv xyoo 2023. Pob kws lub caij ntuj no thiab qab zib yog cov qoob loo thib ob thiab thib peb loj tshaj plaws hauv tus nqi lag luam. Tus nqi lag luam ntawm cov qoob loo no tau nce ntxiv hauv peb xyoos dhau los.

Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov qoob loo tseem ceeb no. Tus nqi lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob taum pauv yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob nematocides, suav txog 43% hauv xyoo 2023. Cov pawg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws siv rau hauv pob kws lub caij ntuj no thiab pob kws lub caij ntuj sov yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, suav txog 66% thiab 75% ntawm tus nqi lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv ob hom qoob loo, feem ntau (feem ntau yog rau kev tswj cov kab tsuag stinging). Cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm qab zib yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob nematocides, uas suav txog ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov feem ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qab zib.

Hais txog thaj chaw siv, daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no qhia txog cuaj yam khoom xyaw nquag siv ntau tshaj plaws, feem pua ​​ntawm thaj chaw kho rau ntau hom qoob loo sib txawv, thiab thaj chaw siv tag nrho hauv ib xyoos. Ntawm lawv, Trichoderma yog cov khoom xyaw nquag loj tshaj plaws, uas siv rau hauv 8.87 lab hectares ntawm cov qoob loo ib xyoos, feem ntau yog rau kev cog taum pauv. Qhov no tau ua raws li Beauveria bassiana (6.845 lab hectares), uas feem ntau yog siv rau pob kws lub caij ntuj no. Yim ntawm cuaj yam khoom xyaw nquag no yog bioresistant, thiab parasitoids yog cov kab yeeb ncuab ntuj (txhua yam siv rau hauv kev cog qab zib). Muaj ntau yam laj thawj vim li cas cov khoom xyaw nquag no muag tau zoo:

Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana thiab Bacillus amylus: ntau tshaj 50 lub tuam txhab tsim khoom, muab kev pabcuam kev lag luam zoo thiab kev xa khoom;

Rhodospore: kev nce ntxiv tseem ceeb, feem ntau yog vim muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm cov kab laug sab pob kws, thaj chaw kho khoom ntawm 11 lab hectares hauv xyoo 2021, thiab 30 lab hectares hauv xyoo 2024 ntawm cov pob kws lub caij ntuj no;

Cov kab ntsaum uas nyob hauv cov kab: muaj qhov chaw ruaj khov ntev ntev rau ntawm cov kab qab zib, feem ntau yog siv los tswj cov kab laum kab;

Metarhizium anisopliae: Kev loj hlob sai, feem ntau yog vim muaj ntau tus kab mob nematodes thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm kev sau npe ntawm carbofuran (tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov kab mob nematodes).