Brazilian agrobiological inputs kev ua lag luam tau tuav lub zog loj hlob sai hauv xyoo tas los no.Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev nyiam ntawm cov tswv yim ua liaj ua teb kom ruaj khov, thiab kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv txoj cai muaj zog, Brazil tau maj mam dhau los ua lag luam tseem ceeb thiab chaw tsim kho tshiab rau ntiaj teb bio-ua liaj ua teb inputs, nyiam cov tuam txhab bio-ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb los teeb tsa kev lag luam hauv lub teb chaws.
Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej ntawm biopesticide lag luam hauv Brazil
Hauv xyoo 2023, thaj chaw cog qoob loo ntawm Brazilian tau nce mus txog 81.82 lab hectares, ntawm cov qoob loo loj tshaj plaws yog taum pauv, suav txog 52% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw cog, tom qab los ntawm lub caij ntuj no pob kws, qab zib thiab pob kws lub caij ntuj sov.Ntawm nws thaj av loj heev, Brazil'stshuaj tua kabkev ua lag luam tau txog li ntawm $ 20 nphom (kev ua liaj ua teb kawg) nyob rau xyoo 2023, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab taum soy accounting rau feem ntau ntawm cov nqi lag luam (58%) thiab kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los.
Kev faib tawm ntawm biopesticides nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab kev lag luam hauv Brazil tseem tsawg heev, tab sis nws loj hlob sai heev, nce los ntawm 1% hauv 2018 mus rau 4% hauv 2023 hauv tsib xyoos xwb, nrog kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 38%, deb. Tshaj li 12% kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab.
Xyoo 2023, lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam biopesticide tau mus txog tus nqi lag luam ntawm $ 800 lab ntawm tus neeg ua liaj ua teb kawg.Ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qeb, biological nematocides yog cov khoom loj tshaj plaws (tsuas yog siv cov taum pauv thiab qab zib);Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws qeb yogtshuaj tua kab mob lom, ua raws li cov kab mob microbial thiab biocides;Qhov siab tshaj CAGR hauv kev lag luam tus nqi nyob rau lub sijhawm 2018-2023 yog rau cov kab mob nematocides, txog li 52%.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv cov qoob loo, feem ntawm soybean biopesticides nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lag luam tus nqi yog siab tshaj, mus txog 55% nyob rau hauv 2023;Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov taum pauv kuj yog cov qoob loo uas muaj kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau tshaj plaws, nrog rau 88% ntawm nws thaj chaw cog siv cov khoom zoo li no hauv 2023. Lub caij ntuj no pob kws thiab qab zib yog cov qoob loo loj tshaj plaws thib ob thiab thib peb hauv kev lag luam tus nqi raws li.Kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov qoob loo no tau nce hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los.
Muaj qhov sib txawv hauv pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj biopesticides rau cov qoob loo tseem ceeb no.Qhov loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm soybean biopesticides yog biological nematocides, accounting rau 43% nyob rau hauv 2023. Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws siv nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no pob kws thiab lub caij ntuj sov pob kws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob lom, accounting rau 66% thiab 75% ntawm lub lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob lom nyob rau hauv ob. hom qoob loo, feem ntau (tsuas yog rau kev tswj cov kab tsuag stinging).Cov khoom lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob ntshav qab zib yog cov kab mob nematocides, uas suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab kab mob.
Hais txog thaj tsam ntawm kev siv, daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no qhia txog cuaj feem ntau siv cov khoom xyaw nquag siv, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm thaj chaw kho mob ntawm cov qoob loo sib txawv, thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev siv hauv ib xyoos.Ntawm lawv, Trichoderma yog cov khoom siv loj tshaj plaws, uas yog siv rau hauv 8.87 lab hectares ntawm cov qoob loo ib xyoos, feem ntau yog siv rau kev cog qoob loo.Qhov no tau ua raws li Beauveria bassiana (6.845 lab hectares), uas yog siv rau lub caij ntuj no pob kws.Yim ntawm cuaj cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb no yog bioresistant, thiab cov kab mob parasites yog cov kab yeeb ncuab nkaus xwb (tag nrho siv hauv kev cog qoob loo).Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas cov khoom xyaw nquag no muag tau zoo:
Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana thiab Bacillus amylus: ntau tshaj 50 lub tuam txhab tsim khoom, muab kev lag luam zoo thiab khoom siv;
Rhodospore: ib qho kev nce ntxiv, feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob kws leafhopper, cov khoom kho thaj tsam ntawm 11 lab hectares hauv 2021, thiab 30 lab hectares hauv 2024 rau lub caij ntuj no pob kws;
Parasitic wasps: muaj qhov chaw ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, feem ntau yog siv los tswj cov kab borer;
Metarhizium anisopliae: Kev loj hlob sai, feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm nematodes thiab tshem tawm cov npe ntawm carbofuran (cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov nematodes).
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-15-2024