Kev tsim khoom noj ntau ntxiv yog tsim nyog kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv qhov no, tshuaj tua kab yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no txhawm rau txhawm rau nce qoob loo. Kev siv tshuaj tua kab dav dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tau pom tias yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tib neeg. Cov tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem bioaccumulate ntawm tib neeg cov cell membranes thiab ua rau tib neeg lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha lossis noj cov zaub mov tsis huv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov cytogenetic tsis siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no pom ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv qhia tias omethoate exerts genotoxic thiab cytotoxic teebmeem ntawm dos meristems. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb ntawm cov teebmeem genotoxic ntawm omethoate ntawm dos hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov teebmeem genotoxic ntawm omethoate ntawm lwm yam kabmob. Dolara et al. pom tau hais tias omethoate induced ib koob tshuaj-nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov muam chromatid exchanges nyob rau hauv tib neeg lymphocytes nyob rau hauv vitro. Ib yam li ntawd, Arteaga-Gómez et al. pom tau hais tias omethoate txo qis cell viability nyob rau hauv HaCaT keratinocytes thiab NL-20 tib neeg bronchial hlwb, thiab genotoxic puas tsuaj raug soj ntsuam siv lub comet assay. Ib yam li ntawd, Wang et al. tau pom qhov ntev ntawm telomere thiab nce kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm omethoate. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawb kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, Ekong et al. pom tau hais tias omethoate (cov oxygen analogue ntawm omethoate) ua rau txo qis hauv MI hauv A. cepa thiab ua rau cov cell lysis, chromosome retention, chromosome fragmentation, nuclear elongation, nuclear erosion, premature chromosome maturation, metaphase clustering, nuclear condensation, anaphase-clamephase stickiness, thiab anaphase staphase stickiness. choj. Qhov txo qis hauv MI qhov tseem ceeb tom qab kev kho mob omethoate tuaj yeem yog vim qhov qeeb hauv cell faib lossis ua tsis tiav ntawm cov hlwb kom ua tiav lub voj voog mitotic. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov nce hauv MN thiab chromosomal abnormalities thiab DNA fragmentation qhia tias qhov txo qis hauv MI qhov tseem ceeb yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau DNA puas. Ntawm cov chromosomal abnormalities pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nplaum chromosomes yog feem ntau. Qhov kev txawv txav tshwj xeeb no, uas yog tshuaj lom thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los, yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev adhesion ntawm chromosomal proteins lossis cuam tshuam ntawm nucleic acid metabolism hauv cell. Xwb, nws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov proteins encapsulating chromosomal DNA, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cell tuag42. Dawb chromosomes qhia qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm aneuploidy43. Tsis tas li ntawd, chromosomal txuas hniav yog tsim los ntawm kev tawg thiab fusion ntawm chromosomes thiab chromatids. Kev tsim cov khoom tawg ncaj qha ua rau muaj kev tsim MN, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub hnub qub hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm chromatin yog vim qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sib cais ntawm chromatid nyob rau theem mitotic lig, uas ua rau tsim cov chromosomes dawb 44. Qhov tseeb mechanism ntawm omethoate genotoxicity tsis meej; Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob organophosphorus, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv ntawm tes xws li nucleobases lossis ua rau DNA puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tsim cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) 45. Yog li, organophosphorus tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov dawb radicals ntau heev nrog rau O2−, H2O2, thiab OH-, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog DNA hauv cov kab mob, yog li ua rau DNA puas ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj. Cov ROS no kuj tau pom tias ua rau puas enzymes thiab cov qauv koom nrog DNA replication thiab kho. Hauv qhov sib piv, nws tau pom tias cov tshuaj tua kab organophosphorus tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem metabolic tom qab kev noj los ntawm tib neeg, cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov enzymes. Lawv hais tias qhov kev cuam tshuam no ua rau muaj kev koom tes ntawm ntau yam enzymes thiab cov noob encoding cov enzymes hauv cov teebmeem genotoxic ntawm omethoate40. Ding et al.46 tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm omethoate raug nthuav tawm tau nce telomere ntev, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm telomerase thiab genetic polymorphism. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias kev koom tes ntawm omethoate DNA kho enzymes thiab genetic polymorphism tau elucidated nyob rau hauv tib neeg, lo lus nug no tseem tsis tau daws rau cov nroj tsuag.
Cellular tiv thaiv mechanisms tiv thaiv reactive oxygen hom (ROS) yog txhim khu tsis tsuas yog los ntawm enzymatic antioxidant txheej txheem tab sis kuj los ntawm non-enzymatic antioxidant txheej txheem, ntawm uas dawb proline yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog-enzymatic antioxidant nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Proline qib nce mus txog 100 lub sij hawm siab dua li ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv cov nroj tsuag ntxhov siab56. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig 33 uas tau tshaj tawm cov qib proline nce siab hauv omethoate-kho cov nplej nplej. Ib yam li ntawd, Srivastava thiab Singh57 kuj tau pom tias organophosphate insecticide malathion nce qib proline hauv dos (A. cepa) thiab kuj nce superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab catalase (CAT) cov dej num, txo cov membrane kev ncaj ncees thiab ua rau DNA puas. Proline yog ib qho tsis tseem ceeb amino acid uas koom nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev nrog rau kev tsim cov qauv protein, kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm protein, kev saib xyuas ntawm cellular redox homeostasis, singlet oxygen thiab hydroxyl radical scavenging, osmotic balance care, thiab cell signaling57. Tsis tas li ntawd, proline tiv thaiv cov enzymes antioxidant, yog li tswj cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov cell membranes58. Qhov nce hauv qib proline hauv cov dos tom qab kis tau omethoate qhia tias lub cev siv proline li superoxide dismutase (SOD) thiab catalase (CAT) los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo ib yam li cov enzymatic antioxidant system, proline tau pom tias tsis txaus los tiv thaiv dos hauv paus tip hlwb los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab puas tsuaj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cag ntoo los ntawm omethoate insecticides. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tua kab yog sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Çavuşoğlu et al.67 qhia tias dav-spectrum thiamethoxam insecticides ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hauv cov hauv paus dos xws li cell necrosis, tsis meej vascular cov ntaub so ntswg, cell deformation, tsis meej epidermal txheej, thiab txawv txav ntawm meristem nuclei. Tütüncü et al.68 tau qhia tias peb qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj methiocarb insecticides ua rau necrosis, epidermal cell puas, thiab cortical cell phab ntsa thickening hauv dos cag. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb, Kalefetoglu Makar36 tau pom tias kev siv tshuaj tua kab avermectin ntawm koob tshuaj 0.025 ml / L, 0.050 ml / L thiab 0.100 ml / L ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj zog, epidermal cell deformation thiab flattened nuclear kev puas tsuaj hauv cov hauv paus dos. Lub hauv paus yog lub ntsiab lus nkag rau cov tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tseem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj lom. Raws li MDA cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, oxidative kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem ua rau cell membrane puas. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias lub hauv paus system kuj yog thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv mechanism tiv thaiv cov phom sij 69. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov pom kev puas tsuaj rau hauv paus meristem hlwb yuav yog vim muaj kev tiv thaiv mechanism ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tua kab. Qhov nce ntawm cov epidermal thiab cortical hlwb tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nroj tsuag txo cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov kev nce no yuav ua rau lub cev compression thiab deformation ntawm cov hlwb thiab nuclei. Tsis tas li ntawd, 70 tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sau qee yam tshuaj los txwv kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab rau hauv cov hlwb. Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li kev hloov pauv hauv cortical thiab vascular cov ntaub so ntswg, uas cov cell thicken lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes nrog cov khoom xws li cellulose thiab suberin los tiv thaiv omethoate los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav.71 Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov flattened nuclear puas yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev compression ntawm cov hlwb los yog oxidative kev nyuaj siab cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg nuclear los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau daim nyias nyias.
Omethoate yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab zoo heev uas tau siv dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li ntau lwm yam tshuaj tua kab organophosphate, kev txhawj xeeb tseem nyob ntawm nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txoj kev tshawb no tsom los ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv no los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm omethoate insecticides ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas nquag sim, A. cepa. Hauv A. cepa, omethoate raug cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob retardation, genotoxic teebmeem, poob ntawm DNA kev ncaj ncees, oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab cell puas nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus meristem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab omethoate rau cov kab mob uas tsis yog hom phiaj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no qhia tias yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntau dua hauv kev siv tshuaj tua kab omethoate, kev siv tshuaj ntau dua, kev paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov kev cai nruj dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig no yuav muab qhov pib muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tshawb fawb tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm omethoate insecticides ntawm hom tsis yog hom phiaj.
Cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab lawv qhov chaw (dos qhov muag teev), suav nrog kev sau cov khoom siv cog, tau ua raws li cov koom haum, lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov cai thiab cov cai.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-04-2025