Cov neeg yuav mus rau qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntev kom tsis txhob yoov tshaj cum. Lawv hlawv cov quav nyuj, txiv maj phaub plhaub, lossis kas fes. Lawv haus gin thiab tonics. Lawv noj txiv tsawb. Lawv tsuag lawv tus kheej nrog tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj los yog slather lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug clove / cawv tov. Lawv kuj qhuav lawv tus kheej nrog Bounce. Immo Hansen, PhD, tus xibfwb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Biosciences ntawm New Mexico State University tau hais tias "Koj paub, cov ntawv uas muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo uas koj muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws,"
Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev no tau raug kuaj xyuas seb lawv puas tua yoov tshaj cum. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau txwv tsis pub tib neeg los sim lawv, raws li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm lub caij ntuj sov no los ntawm Hansen thiab nws cov npoj yaig Stacy Rodriguez, uas yog Hansen lub chaw kuaj mob ntawm New Mexico State University. Stacy Rodriguez kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob yoov tshaj cum. Nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau tshawb fawb 5,000 tus neeg txog seb lawv tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej li cas los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Cov neeg feem coob tau siv tshuaj yoov tshaj cum.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ces nug lawv txog cov tshuaj hauv tsev. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas nyuj dung thiab tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tuaj. Hauv kev xam phaj, Hansen thiab Rodriguez tau qhia qee cov lus teb uas lawv tau txais. Lawv cov ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm saib xyuas PeerJ.
Tshaj li kev kho mob pej xeem thiab kev tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm yoov tshaj cum thiab kab mob uas lawv muaj. NPR tau tham nrog cov kws tshawb fawb, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv sijhawm ntau nyob rau hauv hav zoov yoov tshaj cum, swamps, thiab chaw sov.
Cov khoom uas muaj DEET tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo. DEET yog lub npe luv rau cov tshuaj N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, uas yog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov tshuaj tua kab. Ib daim ntawv luam tawm xyoo 2015 hauv Phau Tsom Faj Txog Kab Tshawb Fawb tau saib cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tua kab ua lag luam thiab pom tias cov khoom muaj DEET tau siv tau zoo thiab siv tau ntev. Rodriguez thiab Hansen yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm 2015 txoj kev tshawb fawb, uas lawv tau luam tawm hauv 2017 daim ntawv hauv tib phau ntawv.
DEET ntaus lub khw muag khoom hauv xyoo 1957. Muaj kev txhawj xeeb thawj zaug txog nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, nrog qee qhov qhia tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj xyuas tsis ntev los no, xws li kev tshawb fawb Lub Rau Hli 2014 tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Parasites thiab Vectors, nco ntsoov tias "kev sim tsiaj txhu, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, thiab kev sim cuam tshuam tsis tau pom muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev pom zoo siv DEET."
DEET tsis yog riam phom nkaus xwb. Cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag picaridin thiab IR 3535 yog qhov sib npaug, hais tias Dr. Dan Strickman ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Global Health Program (tus txhawb nqa NPR) thiab tus kws sau ntawv Tiv Thaiv Kab Kab, kab mob, thiab kab mob.
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kabmob thiab Tiv Thaiv Kabmob tau tshaj tawm tias cov tshuaj tua kabmob uas muaj ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw no muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no tau siv dav thoob ntiaj teb.
“Picaridinyog zoo duaDEETNws hais tias thaum tib neeg siv DEET, yoov tshaj cum yuav tsaws rau ntawm lawv tab sis yuav tsis tom. Thaum lawv siv cov khoom uas muaj picaridin, yoov tshaj cum tsis tshua muaj av. Cov tshuaj tua kab uas muaj IR 3535 yog qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, Strickman tau hais, tab sis lawv tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm lwm yam khoom.
Tseem muaj petrolatum txiv qaub eucalyptus (PMD), cov roj ntuj muab los ntawm cov txiv qaub-scented nplooj thiab twigs ntawm tsob ntoo eucalyptus, uas kuj tau pom zoo los ntawm CDC. PMD yog cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov roj uas tua kab. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm New Mexico State University pom tias cov khoom uas muaj cov roj txiv qaub eucalyptus tau zoo ib yam li cov uas muaj DEET, thiab cov teebmeem tshwm sim ntev dua. Rodriguez hais tias "Qee tus neeg muaj kev qias neeg txog kev siv tshuaj rau ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij. Lawv nyiam cov khoom ntuj tsim dua," Rodriguez hais.
Hauv xyoo 2015, qhov kev tshawb pom xav tsis thoob tau tshwm sim: Victoria's Secret's Bombshell scent tau ua tau zoo heev ntawm kev tua yoov tshaj cum. Hansen thiab Rodriguez tau hais tias lawv tau ntxiv nws rau lawv cov khoom kuaj raws li kev tswj hwm zoo vim lawv xav tias nws cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab yuav nyiam yoov tshaj cum. Nws hloov tawm tias yoov tshaj cum ntxub tus ntxhiab tsw.
Lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab, los ntawm 2017, kuj ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Cov khoom, hu ua Off Clip-On, txuas rau cov khaub ncaws thiab muaj cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cheeb tsam metofluthrin, uas tau pom zoo los ntawm CDC. Cov cuab yeej hnav tau tsim los rau cov neeg uas zaum hauv ib qho chaw, xws li cov niam txiv saib kev ua si softball. Tus neeg hnav lub npog ntsej muag tig rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me uas ua rau huab cua me me ntawm cov huab cua tsis zoo rau hauv huab cua ib puag ncig tus neeg hnav. "Nws ua tau tiag tiag," Hansen tau hais, ntxiv tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua kab xws li DEET lossis roj ntawm txiv qaub eucalyptus.
Tsis yog txhua yam khoom xa tawm cov txiaj ntsig lawv tau cog lus tseg. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2015 tau pom tias cov vitamin B1 thaj ua rau thaj ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua yoov tshaj cum. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2017 suav nrog citronella tswm ciab ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tua yoov tshaj cum.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias lub npe hu ua yoov tshaj cum thiab cov hlua khi tsis tua yoov tshaj cum. Cov khoom no muaj ntau yam roj, nrog rau citronella thiab lemongrass.
Rodriguez tau hais tias "Kuv tau yoov tshaj cum ntawm txoj hlua tes uas kuv tau sim," Rodriguez hais. "Lawv tshaj tawm cov kauj-toog npab thiab cov ntaub qhwv no tiv thaiv Zika [tus kab mob yoov tshaj cum uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xeeb tub loj rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub], tab sis cov bracelets no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig."
Cov khoom siv ultrasonic, uas tawm suab nrov uas tib neeg hnov tsis tau tab sis cov neeg lag luam hais tias yoov tshaj cum ntxub, kuj tsis ua haujlwm. Hansen tau hais tias "Cov khoom siv sonic uas peb tau sim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig," Hansen tau hais. "Peb tau sim lwm yam khoom siv ua ntej, lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis muaj pov thawj tshawb fawb pom tias yoov tshaj cum raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub suab.
Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws feem ntau ntse dua ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog tias tib neeg mus sab nraum zoov ib teev lossis ob teev, lawv yuav tsum siv cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm DEET (cov ntawv sau hais txog 10 feem pua) rau kev tiv thaiv. Dr. Jorge Rey, tus thawj coj ntawm Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory hauv Vero Beach, tau hais tias yog tias tib neeg yuav mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntoo, hav zoov, lossis hav dej, lawv yuav tsum siv ntau dua DEET - 20 feem pua rau 25 feem pua - thiab hloov nws txhua plaub teev. Rey tau hais tias "Qhov ntau dua qhov concentration, nws kav ntev dua," Rey hais.
Ntxiv dua thiab, ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom noj cov lus qhia. "Ntau tus neeg xav tias yog tias nws zoo me me, nws tseem zoo dua nyob rau hauv ntau," said Dr. William Reisen, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine hais. "Koj tsis tas yuav da dej hauv cov khoom."
Thaum Ray mus rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob, xws li Florida's Everglades National Park, los tshawb fawb, nws hnav cov iav tiv thaiv. "Peb yuav hnav ris ntev thiab tsho ntev," nws hais. "Yog tias qhov phem tiag tiag, peb yuav muab lub kaus mom nrog cov nets rau ntawm peb lub ntsej muag. Peb tso siab rau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev los tua yoov tshaj cum." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias peb txhais tes, caj dab, thiab ntsej muag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tawm tswv yim tiv thaiv nws ntawm koj lub ntsej muag. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob mob qhov muag, siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau koj ob txhais tes, tom qab ntawd txhuam nws ntawm koj lub ntsej muag.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog koj txhais taw. Cov yoov tshaj cum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb olfactory nyiam. Ntau yoov tshaj cum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes uas muaj tus kab mob Zika, zoo li tus ntxhiab tsw ntawm ko taw.
Rodriguez tau hais tias "Kev hnav khau khiab tsis yog lub tswv yim zoo. Nkawm khau thiab thom khwm yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab khi lub ris rau hauv cov thom khwm lossis khau yuav pab tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum los ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws. Hauv thaj chaw yoov tshaj cum, nws hnav ris ntev thiab tsis yog yoga ris. "Spandex yog yoov tshaj cum-phooj ywg. Lawv tom los ntawm nws. Kuv hnav ris hnab ris thiab lub tsho ntev thiab muab DEET rau."
Cov yoov tshaj cum tuaj yeem tom txhua lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, tab sis Aedes aegypti yoov tshaj cum uas muaj tus kab mob Zika nyiam thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj teev, Strickman tau hais. Yog tias ua tau, nyob hauv tsev nrog lub qhov rais qhov rai lossis cua txias thaum lub sijhawm no.
Vim tias cov yoov tshaj cum no yug hauv cov dej sawv hauv cov thawv xws li paj lauj kaub, cov log tsheb qub, cov thoob thiab cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg, tib neeg yuav tsum tshem tawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov dej nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Ray hais tias "Lub pas dej da dej tau txais txiaj ntsig yog tias lawv tsis raug tso tseg," Ray hais. Cov tshuaj siv los ua cov pas dej kom nyab xeeb tuaj yeem tua yoov tshaj cum. Yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kaw kom pom txhua qhov chaw muaj yoov tshaj cum. "Kuv tau pom yoov tshaj cum yug hauv zaj duab xis ntawm cov dej nyob ze ntawm lub dab dej lossis hauv qab iav uas tib neeg siv los txhuam lawv cov hniav," Strickman hais. Kev tu thaj chaw ntawm cov dej sawv ntsug tuaj yeem txo cov yoov tshaj cum.
Ntau tus neeg uas ua qhov kev tu yooj yim no, yuav muaj yoov tshaj cum tsawg dua. "Nws yuav tsis zoo tag nrho, tab sis cov yoov tshaj cum yuav raug txo qis," Strickman hais.
Hansen tau hais tias nws lub chaw kuaj mob tab tom ua haujlwm rau kev siv thev naus laus zis los tua cov yoov tshaj cum txiv neej nrog hluav taws xob thiab tom qab ntawd tso lawv mus rau ib puag ncig. Tus txiv neej yoov tshaj cum nrog ib tug poj niam, thiab tus poj niam nteg qe, tab sis lub qe tsis hatch. Cov thev naus laus zis yuav tsom rau cov hom tshwj xeeb, xws li yoov tshaj cum Aedes aegypti, uas kis Zika, mob npaws thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Ib pab neeg ntawm Massachusetts cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj yoov tshaj cum uas yuav nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kav ntev li ib teev lossis ib hnub, hais tias Dr. Abrar Karan, kws kho mob ntawm Brigham thiab Women's Hospital. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov inventors ntawm Hour72+, ib tug repellent uas nws hais tias tsis nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, tab sis yog rendered ineffective tsuas yog los ntawm daim tawv nqaij lub ntuj los.
Xyoo no, Hour72+ yeej $75,000 Dubilier khoom plig loj ntawm Harvard Business School qhov kev sib tw pib txhua xyoo. Karan npaj yuav ua qhov kev sim ntxiv ntawm tus qauv, uas tseem tsis tau muaj kev lag luam, kom pom tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev npaum li cas.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Mar-17-2025