Cov neeg yuav siv zog ntau yam kom tsis txhob raug yoov tom. Lawv hlawv cov quav nyuj, cov plhaub txiv maj phaub, lossis kas fes. Lawv haus gin thiab tonics. Lawv noj txiv tsawb. Lawv tsuag lawv tus kheej nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj lossis muab lawv tus kheej tso rau hauv cov tshuaj clove/cawv. Lawv kuj ziab lawv tus kheej nrog Bounce. "Koj paub, cov ntaub pua chaw pw uas muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo uas koj muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws," Immo Hansen, PhD, tus xibfwb ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Applied Biosciences ntawm New Mexico State University hais.
Tsis muaj ib txoj kev twg uas tau sim ua kom pom tias lawv puas tua tau yoov tshaj cum tiag. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev sim lawv, raws li kev tshawb fawb uas yuav luam tawm lub caij ntuj sov no los ntawm Hansen thiab nws tus npoj yaig Stacy Rodriguez, uas khiav Hansen lub chaw kuaj mob ntawm New Mexico State University. Stacy Rodriguez kawm txog kev tiv thaiv cov kab mob uas kis los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau soj ntsuam 5,000 tus neeg txog lawv tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej li cas los ntawm kev tom yoov tshaj cum. Feem ntau cov neeg siv cov tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum ib txwm muaj.
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tom qab ntawd nug lawv txog cov tshuaj kho mob hauv tsev. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas cov quav nyuj thiab daim ntawv ziab tuaj yeem pab tau. Hauv kev xam phaj, Hansen thiab Rodriguez tau qhia qee cov lus teb uas lawv tau txais. Lawv daim ntawv tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm PeerJ uas tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov phooj ywg.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj kho mob pej xeem thiab kev tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev uas tau ua pov thawj los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum thiab cov kab mob uas lawv nqa. NPR tau tham nrog cov kws tshawb fawb, ntau tus ntawm lawv siv sijhawm ntau hauv hav zoov, pas dej, thiab thaj chaw sov uas muaj yoov tshaj cum ntau.
Cov khoom uas muaj DEET tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo. DEET yog ib lo lus luv rau cov tshuaj N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, uas yog cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv ntau cov tshuaj tua kab. Ib daim ntawv xyoo 2015 luam tawm hauv Journal of Insect Science tau saib qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tua kab lag luam thiab pom tias cov khoom uas muaj DEET muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kav ntev. Rodriguez thiab Hansen yog cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2015, uas lawv tau rov ua dua hauv daim ntawv xyoo 2017 hauv tib phau ntawv xov xwm.
DEET tau muag hauv khw muag khoom xyoo 1957. Thaum xub thawj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, qee tus hais tias nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis ntev los no, xws li kev tshawb fawb thaum Lub Rau Hli 2014 uas tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Parasites and Vectors, sau tseg tias "kev sim tsiaj, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, thiab kev sim cuam tshuam tsis pom muaj pov thawj ntawm cov teeb meem loj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv DEET uas pom zoo."
DEET tsis yog tib rab phom xwb. Cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag picaridin thiab IR 3535 kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam, Dr. Dan Strickman ntawm Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Global Health Program (tus txhawb nqa NPR) thiab tus sau ntawm Preventing Insect Bites, Stings, and Disease hais.
Lub Chaw Tswj thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob tau tshaj tawm tias cov tshuaj tua kab uas muaj cov khoom xyaw no muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo. Cov tshuaj tua kab no siv dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
"Picaridinzoo dua liDEETthiab zoo li yuav tua yoov tshaj cum,” nws hais. Thaum tib neeg siv DEET, yoov tshaj cum yuav tsaws rau ntawm lawv tab sis yuav tsis tom. Thaum lawv siv cov khoom uas muaj picaridin, yoov tshaj cum yuav tsaws tsawg dua. Cov tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum uas muaj IR 3535 tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, Strickman hais, tab sis lawv tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo li lwm yam khoom.
Tseem muaj petrolatum txiv qaub eucalyptus (PMD), ib yam roj ntuj uas tau los ntawm cov nplooj thiab cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ntxhiab txiv qaub ntawm tsob ntoo eucalyptus, uas CDC kuj pom zoo. PMD yog cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov roj uas tua kab. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm New Mexico State University pom tias cov khoom uas muaj roj txiv qaub eucalyptus zoo ib yam li cov uas muaj DEET, thiab cov teebmeem kav ntev dua. "Qee tus neeg muaj kev ntxub ntxaug txog kev siv cov tshuaj rau ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij. Lawv nyiam cov khoom ntuj ntau dua," Rodriguez hais.
Xyoo 2015, muaj ib qho kev tshawb pom xav tsis thoob: Victoria's Secret's Bombshell tsw qab yeej ua tau zoo heev rau kev tua yoov tshaj cum. Hansen thiab Rodriguez tau hais tias lawv tau ntxiv nws rau hauv lawv cov khoom sim ua ib qho kev tswj hwm zoo vim lawv xav tias nws cov ntxhiab paj yuav nyiam yoov tshaj cum. Nws hloov tawm tias yoov tshaj cum ntxub tsw.
Lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab kawg, los ntawm xyoo 2017, kuj tau ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Cov khoom, hu ua Off Clip-On, txuas rau khaub ncaws thiab muaj cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cheeb tsam metofluthrin, uas CDC kuj pom zoo. Lub cuab yeej hnav tau no yog tsim los rau cov neeg uas zaum hauv ib qho chaw, xws li cov niam txiv saib kev ua si softball. Tus neeg hnav lub ntsej muag qhib lub kiv cua me me uas siv roj teeb uas tshuab ib huab me me ntawm cov pa tshuaj tua kab mus rau hauv huab cua nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg hnav. "Nws ua haujlwm tau tiag tiag," Hansen hais, ntxiv tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tua kab zoo li DEET lossis roj ntawm txiv qaub eucalyptus.
Tsis yog txhua yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li lawv tau cog lus tseg. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2015 pom tias cov ntawv nplaum vitamin B1 tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tua yoov. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2017 suav nrog cov tswm ciab citronella ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tua yoov.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias cov hlua tes thiab cov hlua khi uas hu ua cov tshuaj tua yoov tsis tua yoov. Cov khoom no muaj ntau yam roj, suav nrog citronella thiab lemongrass.
"Kuv tau raug yoov tom rau ntawm cov hlua tes uas kuv tau sim," Rodriguez hais. "Lawv tshaj tawm cov hlua tes thiab cov ntaub qhwv no ua kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv Zika [tus kab mob uas yoov kis tau uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub], tab sis cov hlua tes no tsis ua haujlwm zoo kiag li."
Cov khoom siv ultrasonic, uas tso tawm lub suab uas tib neeg tsis hnov tab sis cov neeg ua lag luam hais tias yoov tshaj cum ntxub, kuj tsis ua haujlwm. "Cov khoom siv sonic uas peb tau sim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig," Hansen hais. "Peb tau sim lwm cov khoom siv ua ntej. Lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis muaj pov thawj tshawb fawb tias yoov tshaj cum raug suab ntiab tawm.
Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias feem ntau nws ntse dua los ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog tias tib neeg yuav nyob sab nraum zoov ib teev lossis ob teev, lawv yuav tsum siv cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj DEET tsawg dua (daim ntawv lo hais tias kwv yees li 10 feem pua) rau kev tiv thaiv. Dr. Jorge Rey, tus thawj coj ua haujlwm ntawm Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory hauv Vero Beach, tau hais tias yog tias tib neeg yuav nyob hauv thaj chaw hav zoov, hav zoov, lossis cov pas dej, lawv yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj DEET ntau dua - 20 feem pua txog 25 feem pua - thiab hloov nws txhua plaub teev. "Qhov siab dua qhov concentration, nws kav ntev dua," Rey hais.
Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom noj. "Muaj ntau tus neeg xav tias yog tias nws zoo hauv cov khoom me me, nws zoo dua yog tias muaj ntau," Dr. William Reisen, xibfwb emeritus ntawm University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine hais. "Koj tsis tas yuav da dej hauv cov khoom."
Thaum Ray mus rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kab tsuag ntau, xws li Florida's Everglades National Park, mus tshawb nrhiav, nws hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. "Peb yuav hnav ris ntev thiab tsho tes ntev," nws hais. "Yog tias nws phem heev, peb yuav muab lub kaus mom nrog lub ntaub thaiv peb lub ntsej muag. Peb vam khom cov qhov chaw uas peb lub cev raug tshav kom tua cov yoov." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias peb txhais tes, caj dab, thiab lub ntsej muag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom tsis txhob tsuag nws rau ntawm koj lub ntsej muag. Yuav kom tsis txhob khaus qhov muag, thov cov tshuaj tua kab rau ntawm koj txhais tes, tom qab ntawd txhuam nws rau ntawm koj lub ntsej muag.
Tsis txhob hnov qab koj ob txhais taw. Cov yoov tshaj cum muaj lawv tus cwj pwm nyiam ntxhiab tsw. Muaj ntau tus yoov tshaj cum, tshwj xeeb yog cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes uas nqa tus kab mob Zika, nyiam ntxhiab taw.
"Hnav khau khiab tsis yog lub tswv yim zoo," Rodriguez hais. Khau thiab thom khwm yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev muab cov ris tsho rau hauv thom khwm lossis khau yuav pab tiv thaiv kom cov yoov tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv koj cov khaub ncaws. Hauv cov chaw uas muaj yoov, nws hnav ris ntev thiab yeej tsis yog ris yoga. "Spandex yog cov yoov uas zoo rau yoov. Lawv tom nws. Kuv hnav ris tsho baggy thiab tsho tes ntev thiab muab DEET rau."
Cov yoov tshaj cum tuaj yeem tom txhua lub sijhawm ntawm ib hnub, tab sis cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes aegypti uas nqa tus kab mob Zika nyiam thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj, Strickman hais. Yog tias ua tau, nyob hauv tsev nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus qhov rai lossis cua txias thaum lub sijhawm no.
Vim tias cov yoov tshaj cum no yug me nyuam hauv cov dej sawv hauv cov thawv xws li cov lauj kaub paj, cov log tsheb qub, cov thoob thiab cov thoob khib nyiab, tib neeg yuav tsum tshem tawm txhua qhov chaw uas muaj dej sawv nyob ib puag ncig lawv. "Cov pas dej ua luam dej yog qhov siv tau tsuav yog lawv tsis raug tso tseg," Ray hais. Cov tshuaj siv los ua kom cov pas dej muaj kev nyab xeeb kuj tuaj yeem tua cov yoov tshaj cum. Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ze kom nrhiav tau txhua qhov chaw uas muaj yoov tshaj cum yug me nyuam. "Kuv tau pom cov yoov tshaj cum yug me nyuam hauv cov zaj duab xis dej ze ntawm lub dab dej lossis hauv qab ntawm lub khob uas tib neeg siv los txhuam lawv cov hniav," Strickman hais. Kev ntxuav cov chaw uas muaj dej sawv tuaj yeem txo cov yoov tshaj cum ntau heev.
Yog tias muaj neeg coob ua qhov kev ntxuav yooj yim no, ces yuav muaj yoov tsawg dua. "Nws yuav tsis zoo tag nrho, tab sis cov yoov yuav raug txo qis ntau heev," Strickman hais.
Hansen hais tias nws lub chaw kuaj mob tab tom ua haujlwm rau ib txoj kev siv tshuab los tua cov yoov tshaj cum txiv neej nrog kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tom qab ntawd tso lawv mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Cov yoov tshaj cum txiv neej sib yuav nrog ib tug poj niam, thiab cov poj niam tso qe, tab sis cov qe tsis tawm. Cov thev naus laus zis no yuav tsom mus rau cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb, xws li Aedes aegypti yoov tshaj cum, uas kis Zika, dengue fever thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Ib pab kws tshawb fawb hauv Massachusetts tab tom ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tua yoov uas yuav nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kav ntev li ntau teev lossis txawm tias ntau hnub, Dr. Abrar Karan, tus kws kho mob ntawm Brigham thiab Tsev Kho Mob Poj Niam tau hais. Nws yog ib tus neeg tsim Hour72+, cov tshuaj tua yoov uas nws hais tias tsis nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij lossis nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav, tab sis tsuas yog ua tsis tau zoo los ntawm kev poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xwb.
Xyoo no, Hour72+ yeej qhov khoom plig loj $75,000 Dubilier ntawm Harvard Business School qhov kev sib tw pib ua lag luam txhua xyoo. Karan npaj yuav ua qhov kev sim ntxiv ntawm tus qauv, uas tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, kom pom tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntev npaum li cas.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-17-2025