Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab kev lag luam saw "smile nkhaus": kev npaj 50%, intermediates 20%, thawj cov tshuaj 15%, kev pabcuam 15%

Kev lag luam saw ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub qhov txuas: "cov khoom siv raw - cov khoom nruab nrab - cov tshuaj qub - kev npaj". Upstream yog cov roj av / tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov khoom tiv thaiv nroj tsuag, feem ntau yog inorganic chemical raw cov ntaub ntawv xws li daj phosphorus thiab kua chlorine, thiab cov organic chemical raw khoom xws li methanol thiab "tribenzene".

Kev lag luam nruab nrab feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj nruab nrab thiab cov tshuaj nquag. Cov tshuaj intermediates yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj nquag, thiab cov tshuaj sib txawv yuav tsum muaj cov intermediates sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuaj fluorine-muaj cov tshuaj intermediates, cyano-muaj intermediates, thiab heterocyclic intermediates. Thawj cov tshuaj yog cov khoom kawg uas muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab impurities tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tshuaj tua kab. Raws li cov khoom tswj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, fungicides thiab lwm yam.

Downstream industries feem ntau npog cov khoom siv tshuaj. Vim yog cov dej tsis sib haum thiab cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj nquag siv tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov additives tsim nyog (xws li cov kuab tshuaj, emulsifiers, dispersants, thiab lwm yam) ua tiav rau hauv ntau hom tshuaj, thov. hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, hav zoov, tsiaj txhu, kev noj qab haus huv thiab lwm yam.

01Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates lag luam hauv Suav teb

Tshuaj tua kabintermediates kev lag luam yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab kev lag luam saw, multinational tuam txhab uas muag tswj lub pem hauv ntej-kawg txoj kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tua kab thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev muag khoom raws kev npaj davhlau ya nyob twg, feem ntau ntawm cov intermediates thiab active neeg sawv cev xaiv mus yuav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb thiab lwm lub teb chaws, Tuam Tshoj. thiab Is Nrias teb tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab nruab nrab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag hauv ntiaj teb.

Cov zis ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates nyob rau hauv Suav teb khaws cia qhov kev loj hlob tsawg, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 1.4% los ntawm 2014 txog 2023. Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates tuam txhab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm txoj cai, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej siv tau tsawg. Cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates uas tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab, tab sis qee qhov intermediates tseem yuav tsum tau xa tuaj. Qee qhov ntawm lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tab sis qhov ntau lossis zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua; Lwm qhov ntawm Tuam Tshoj tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Txij li thaum xyoo 2017, qhov kev thov rau cov tshuaj tua kab nruab nrab hauv Suav teb tau poob qis, thiab kev poob qis hauv kev lag luam loj yog tsawg dua qhov poob ntawm kev thov. Feem ntau vim yog kev siv xoom-kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab chiv, daim ntawv thov cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj nyoos hauv Suav teb tau txo qis heev, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates kuj tau txo qis heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev ua lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab feem ntau tau nce sai heev hauv 2017, ua rau kev lag luam kev lag luam loj feem ntau ruaj khov, thiab cov nqi lag luam maj mam poob los ntawm 2018 txog 2019 raws li cov khoom siv maj mam rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txij li xyoo 2022, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj tua kab nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam loj yog kwv yees li 68.78 billion yuan, thiab tus nqi lag luam nruab nrab yog kwv yees li 17,500 yuan / tuj.

02 ibTxoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tua kab hauv Suav teb

Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm "kev luag nyav nkhaus": kev npaj nyiaj rau 50%, intermediates 20%, thawj cov tshuaj 15%, cov kev pabcuam 15%, thiab cov chaw muag khoom npaj muag yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb txuas, tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab. Piv nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj thawj zaug, uas hais txog cov cuab yeej siv hluavtaws thiab kev tswj hwm tus nqi, kev npaj yog ze rau lub lag luam davhlau ya nyob twg, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam yog ntau dua.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis, thaj chaw ntawm kev npaj kuj tseem hais txog cov channel thiab lub tsev tsim khoom, kev pab cuam tom qab muag, thiab ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib tw thiab ntau dua tus nqi ntxiv. Vim qhov kev siv ntawm xoom-loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab chiv, qhov kev thov rau kev npaj tshuaj tua kab hauv Suav teb tau poob qis, uas tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev lag luam loj thiab kev loj hlob ceev ntawm kev lag luam. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj qhov kev thov poob qis tau ua rau muaj teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm overcapacity, uas tau ua kom muaj kev sib tw ua lag luam ntxiv thiab cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam.

Tuam Tshoj tus export kom muaj nuj nqis thiab tus nqi ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tua kab yog ntau ntau dua li ntshuam, ua ib qho kev lag luam tawm. Txij xyoo 2020 txog 2022, kev xa tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj tua kab yuav hloov kho, hloov kho thiab txhim kho hauv qhov nce thiab nqis. Xyoo 2023, Tuam Tshoj tus nqi xa tawm ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tua kab yog 974 lab US las, nce 1.94% nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo tas los, thiab lub teb chaws tseem ceeb ntshuam yog Indonesia, Nyiv thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Kev xa tawm yog $ 8.087 billion, nqis 27.21% xyoo rau xyoo, nrog rau cov chaw xa tawm tseem ceeb yog Brazil (18.3%), Australia thiab Tebchaws Meskas. 70% -80% ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuaj tua kab raug xa tawm, cov khoom muag hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau zom, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab superimposed tau poob qis, uas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis hauv kev xa tawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv 2023.