Uascov tshuaj phytohormonesua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kev qhuav? Cov phytohormones hloov kho li cas rau kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig? Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Trends in Plant Science txhais dua thiab faib cov haujlwm ntawm 10 chav kawm ntawm phytohormones uas tau tshawb pom txog niaj hnub no hauv lub nceeg vaj cog qoob loo. Cov molecule no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ua cov tshuaj tua kab, biostimulants, thiab hauv kev tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb kuj qhia tau tias qhov twgcov tshuaj phytohormonesyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv rau cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig (kev tsis txaus dej, dej nyab, thiab lwm yam) thiab ua kom cov nroj tsuag muaj sia nyob hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig uas hnyav zuj zus. Tus sau ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog Sergi Munne-Bosch, ib tug xibfwb hauv Faculty of Biology thiab Institute of Biodiversity (IRBio) ntawm University of Barcelona thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Integrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Txij li thaum Fritz W. Went tshawb pom auxin ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev faib cell hauv xyoo 1927, kev tshawb pom tshiab hauv phytohormones tau hloov pauv kev cog qoob loo thiab kev siv tshuab ua liaj ua teb," Munne-Bosch, xibfwb ntawm kev hloov pauv biology, ecology, thiab kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig hais.
Txawm hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov phytohormone hierarchy, kev tshawb fawb sim hauv thaj chaw no tseem tsis tau ua tiav zoo. Auxins, cytokinins, thiab gibberellins ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab, raws li cov kws sau ntawv cov hormone hierarchy, suav tias yog cov thawj coj tswj hwm.
Nyob rau theem ob,abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, thiab jasmonic acid pab tswj cov nroj tsuag kom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig thiab yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog kev teb rau kev ntxhov siab. "Ethylene thiab abscisic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv qab kev ntxhov siab ntawm dej. Abscisic acid yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev kaw ntawm stomata (cov qhov me me hauv nplooj uas tswj kev sib pauv roj) thiab lwm yam kev teb rau kev ntxhov siab ntawm dej thiab kev qhuav dej. Qee cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm siv dej tau zoo heev, feem ntau yog vim lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm ntawm abscisic acid," Munne-Bosch hais. Brassinosteroids, peptide hormones, thiab strigolactones yog qib thib peb ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, muab cov nroj tsuag nrog kev ywj pheej ntau dua los teb rau ntau yam xwm txheej.
Ntxiv mus, qee cov molecules sib tw rau phytohormones tseem tsis tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev cai thiab tseem tos qhov kev txheeb xyuas zaum kawg. "Melatonin thiab γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yog ob qho piv txwv zoo. Melatonin ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai, tab sis kev txheeb xyuas nws tus receptor tseem nyob rau theem thaum ntxov (tam sim no, PMTR1 receptor tsuas yog pom hauv Arabidopsis thaliana). Txawm li cas los xij, yav tom ntej, lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb yuav ncav cuag kev pom zoo thiab lees paub nws ua phytohormone."
"Raws li GABA, tseem tsis tau pom cov receptors hauv cov nroj tsuag. GABA tswj cov ion channels, tab sis nws txawv txawv uas nws tsis yog ib qho neurotransmitter lossis cov tshuaj hormones tsiaj hauv cov nroj tsuag," tus kws tshaj lij tau hais.
Yav tom ntej, vim tias cov pab pawg phytohormone tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev cog qoob loo biotechnology, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nthuav peb cov kev paub txog cov pab pawg phytohormone.
"Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kawm txog cov phytohormones uas tseem tsis tau nkag siab zoo, xws li strigolactones, brassinosteroids, thiab peptide hormones. Peb xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, uas yog ib qho chaw uas tsis tau nkag siab zoo, nrog rau cov molecules uas tseem tsis tau muab faib ua phytohormones, xws li melatonin thiab gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," Sergi Munne-Bosch xaus lus. Qhov chaw: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-13-2025