Nrog rau kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntau dua 700,000 tons, glyphosate yog cov tshuaj tua kab uas siv dav tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Kev tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev siv glyphosate tsis raug tau nyiam ntau.
Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 29th, pab pawg ntawm Xibfwb Guo Ruiting los ntawm Lub Xeev Chaw Kuaj Mob Biocatalysis thiab Enzyme Engineering, uas tau tsim los ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lub Neej Sciences ntawm Hubei University thiab cov chaw haujlwm hauv xeev thiab cov thawj coj, tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj plaws hauv Journal of Hazardous Materials, tshuaj xyuas thawj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov nyom barnyard. (Ib qho tshuaj ntsuab malignant paddy weed) -derived aldo-keto reductase AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17 catalyze lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm glyphosate degradation, thiab txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm glyphosate los ntawm AKR4C17 los ntawm kev hloov pauv molecular.
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv glyphosate.
Txij li thaum nws tau qhia txog xyoo 1970, glyphosate tau nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab maj mam dhau los ua cov tshuaj tua kab uas pheej yig tshaj plaws, siv dav tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nws ua rau muaj teeb meem metabolic hauv cov nroj tsuag, suav nrog cov nroj tsuag, los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), ib qho enzyme tseem ceeb uas koom nrog kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Yog li ntawd, kev yug cov qoob loo transgenic uas tiv taus glyphosate thiab siv glyphosate hauv daim teb yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tswj cov nroj tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub no.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev siv dav dav thiab kev siv tsis raug ntawm glyphosate, ntau kaum tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau maj mam hloov zuj zus thiab tsim kom muaj kev kam rau glyphosate siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov qoob loo uas tsis kam hloov pauv glyphosate tsis tuaj yeem lwj glyphosate, ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke thiab hloov pauv glyphosate hauv cov qoob loo, uas tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim los ntawm cov khoom noj thiab ua rau tib neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov ceev nrooj kom nrhiav tau cov noob caj noob ces uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem glyphosate, yog li ntawd thiaj li cog cov qoob loo transgenic uas tiv taus glyphosate siab nrog cov glyphosate seem tsawg.
Kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic ntawm cov enzymes glyphosate-degrading uas tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag
Xyoo 2019, cov pab pawg tshawb fawb Suav thiab Australian tau txheeb xyuas ob qho glyphosate-degrading aldo-keto reductases, AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17, thawj zaug los ntawm cov nyom barnyard uas tsis kam glyphosate. Lawv tuaj yeem siv NADP + ua tus cofactor los rhuav tshem glyphosate mus rau aminomethylphosphonic acid thiab glyoxylic acid uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17 yog thawj cov enzymes uas ua rau glyphosate puas tsuaj los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txhawm rau kom tshawb nrhiav ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm glyphosate, Guo Ruiting pab pawg tau siv X-ray crystallography los tshuaj xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub enzymes no thiab cofactor siab. Cov qauv nyuaj ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem tau qhia txog hom kev khi ntawm ternary complex ntawm glyphosate, NADP + thiab AKR4C17, thiab tau tawm tswv yim txog cov txheej txheem catalytic ntawm AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17-mediated glyphosate degradation.
Cov qauv ntawm AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate complex thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm glyphosate degradation.
Kev hloov kho molecular txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm glyphosate.
Tom qab tau txais cov qauv zoo peb-seem ntawm AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate, pab neeg ntawm Xibfwb Guo Ruiting tau txais cov protein hloov pauv AKR4C17F291D nrog 70% nce ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm glyphosate los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv enzyme thiab kev tsim qauv zoo.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm glyphosate-degrading ntawm AKR4C17 mutants.
"Peb txoj haujlwm qhia txog lub tshuab molecular ntawm AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17 catalyzing qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm glyphosate, uas tso lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho ntxiv ntawm AKR4C16 thiab AKR4C17 kom txhim kho lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm glyphosate." Tus sau ntawv sib tham, Associate Professor Dai Longhai ntawm Hubei University Tau hais tias lawv tau tsim cov protein mutant AKR4C17F291D nrog kev txhim kho glyphosate degradation efficiency, uas muab cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo transgenic uas tiv taus glyphosate siab nrog cov glyphosate residues qis thiab siv cov kab mob microbial engineering los rhuav tshem glyphosate hauv ib puag ncig.
Muaj kev tshaj tawm tias Guo Ruiting pab neeg tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab kev sib tham txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov enzymes biodegradation, terpenoid synthases, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab cov tshuaj phem hauv ib puag ncig. Li Hao, tus kws tshawb fawb koom tes Yang Yu thiab tus kws qhia ntawv Hu Yumei hauv pab neeg yog cov kws sau ntawv ua ke, thiab Guo Ruiting thiab Dai Longhai yog cov kws sau ntawv sib raug zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-02-2022