Lambda-cyhalothrin, tseem hu ua cyhalothrin thiab kungfu cyhalothrin, tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg AR Jutsum hauv xyoo 1984. Nws txoj kev ua haujlwm yog hloov qhov permeability ntawm cov hlab ntsha kab, tiv thaiv kev coj ntawm cov hlab ntsha kab, rhuav tshem cov neuron ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog sodium ion channel, ua rau cov kab lom overexcited, tuag tes tuag taw thiab tuag, thiab tuaj yeem tua cov kab tsuag sai sai. Lambda-cyhalothrin muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab tua kab dav dav, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov nyhuv, thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj cov kab tsuag ntawm cov qoob loo xws li nplej, pob kws, ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj rwb, zaub cruciferous, thiab lwm yam.
1 Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb
高效氯氟氰菊酯Lub npe lus Askiv: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Cov mis molecular: C23H19ClF3NO3; Kub taw tes: 187 ~ 190 ℃ / 0.2 mmHg; CAS No: 91465-08-633.
Cov qauv khoom tau qhia nyob rau hauv Daim Duab 1.
Daim Duab 1 Cov qauv ntawm beta-cyhalothrin
2 Kev lom thiab cov hom phiaj tswj hwm
Beta-cyhalothrin muaj cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab ua rau mob plab, thiab kuj muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Nws muaj kev tswj hwm zoo rau cov kab tsuag hauv qhov ncauj xws li Lepidoptera larvae thiab qee cov kab Coleoptera, thiab kuj siv tau rau kev tswj hwm cov kab tsuag hauv qhov ncauj xws li pear psyllium. Cov khoom tswj hwm tseem ceeb ntawm beta-cyhalothrin yog midges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, cabbage caterpillars, thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov nyom nyom, nyom nyom thiab cov qoob loo qhuav, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov nyom nyom, thiab lwm yam. Siv lub caij nyoog hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb: Tuam Tshoj, feem ntau yog txij lub Peb Hlis mus txog lub Yim Hli; South/North America, txij lub Peb Hlis mus txog lub Tsib Hlis thiab Cuaj Hlis mus txog lub Kaum Ob Hlis; Southeast Asia, txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis mus txog lub Tsib Hlis; Tebchaws Europe, txij lub Peb Hlis mus txog lub Tsib Hlis thiab Cuaj Hlis mus txog lub Kaum Ob Hlis.
3. Cov txheej txheem synthesis thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb
(1) Kev tsim cov trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) reacts nrog thionyl chloride, desolubilizes thiab rectifies kom tau txais trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Kev tsim cov roj av chlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) thiab sodium cyanide raug tsim los kom tau txais cov roj av chlorofluorocyanide nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm catalyst.
(3) Kev tsim cov beta-cyhalothrin
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm cov organic amines, cov chlorofluorocyanide nyoos raug epimerization los tsim beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tebchaws
Raws li cov lus nug ntawm China Pesticide Information Network, txij li lub Tsib Hlis 20, 2022, tus lej ntawm cov ntawv sau npe alpha-cyhalothrin yog 45, thiab cov ntsiab lus sau npe yog 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, thiab 98%. Ntawm lawv, cov ntawv sau npe nrog 95%, 96%, thiab 98% cov ntsiab lus suav rau feem ntau.
Raws li cov lus nug ntawm China Pesticide Information Network, txij li lub Tsib Hlis 20, 2022. Cov ntaub ntawv sau npe hauv tsev ntawm cov tshuaj beta-cyhalothrin qhia tias muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ib zaug xwb, uas 621 yog cov tshuaj ib zaug xwb thiab 216 yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Ib koob tshuaj xwb: 621 sau npe, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb yog 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% dej emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke: 216 sau npe, feem ntau yog Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine thiab lwm yam khoom sib xyaw. Cov qauv tshuaj tseem ceeb yog: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% aqueous emulsion, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% suspending agent, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% wettable hmoov, thiab lwm yam.
5 Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam txawv teb chaws
5.1 Kev sau npe ntawm cov khoom npaj txawv teb chaws
Cov koob tshuaj ib zaug tseem ceeb uas tau sau npe yog 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Cov khoom sib xyaw tseem ceeb yog: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6% suspending agent, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Tuam Tshoj cov khoom xa tawm
Txij xyoo 2015 txog 2019, tag nrho muaj 582 lub tuam txhab xa tawm cov khoom siv cyhalothrin zoo thiab cov khoom npaj, thiab cov khoom xa tawm ntawm kaum lub tuam txhab saum toj kawg nkaus suav txog 45% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm (5-xyoo khaws cia). Kaum lub tuam txhab saum toj kawg nkaus tau teev nyob rau hauv Rooj 2.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv xa tawm yog 2,400 tons / xyoo, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa tawm yog 3,000 tons / xyoo. Qhov ntim xa tawm tau nce ntxiv txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 2015 txog 2019. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom npaj lub cev yog 14,800 tons / xyoo, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa tawm yog 17,000 tons (2017), thiab tom qab ntawd qhov ntim xa tawm ruaj khov; qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom npaj yog 460 tons / xyoo, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 515 tons / xyoo.
Txij xyoo 2015 txog 2019, cov khoom siv thiab kev npaj ntawm cyhalothrin tau xa tawm mus rau 77 lub khw. Tsib lub khw sab saum toj yog Tebchaws Meskas, Belgium, Is Nrias teb, Argentina, thiab Pakistan. Tsib lub khw sab saum toj suav txog 57% ntawm Tuam Tshoj tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm. (5 xyoos sib sau ua ke).
6 Cov qauv lag luam tshiab kawg
Raws li cov xov xwm tshaj tawm, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7, 2022, lub sijhawm hauv zos, lub Hoobkas ntawm lub tuam txhab agrochemical Is Nrias teb Bharat Rasayan, uas feem ntau tsim cov khoom pyrethroid thiab cov khoom siv intermediates, tau hluav taws tom qab lub boiler tawg.
Is Nrias teb yog ib lub teb chaws tsim cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj patent loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ntawm cov uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj pyrethroid tseem ceeb, methyl betinate thiab ether aldehyde, yog qhov siab heev. Xyoo 2021, Bharat Rasayan yuav xa tawm tag nrho ntau dua 6,000 tons ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, cov tshuaj npaj thiab cov tshuaj nruab nrab, uas 61% yog cov tshuaj siv, 13% yog cov tshuaj npaj thiab 26% yog cov tshuaj nruab nrab (feem ntau yog pyrethroid). Raws li cov tshuaj nruab nrab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid, ether aldehyde muaj kev thov hauv tsev txhua xyoo txog li 6,000 tons, uas yuav luag ib nrab yuav tsum tau yuav los ntawm Is Nrias teb.
Txij li thaum lub khw muag khoom hauv tebchaws rau cyhalothrin tab tom yuav kawg, thiab lub tuam txhab Is Nrias teb tsis yog lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb uas tsim cov tshuaj intermediates xws li ether aldehydes, qhov cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam hauv tebchaws yog qhov me me, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev xa khoom tsis ntev los no. Cov lus hais.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-08-2022