Malaria tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag thiab mob hauv Africa, nrog lub nra hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv tus kab mob yog cov tshuaj tua kab tua kab mob uas tiv thaiv cov yoov tshaj cum Anopheles. Raws li kev siv dav dav ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam no, kev tawm tsam rau cov chav kawm siv tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws yog tam sim no thoob plaws hauv Africa. Nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab uas ua rau cov phenotype no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si taug qab kev sib kis ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tsim cov cuab yeej tshiab los kov yeej nws.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb muab piv cov microbiome muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles cruzi, thiab Anopheles arabiensis pejxeem los ntawm Burkina Faso nrog insecticide-sensitive pejxeem, kuj los ntawm Ethiopia.
Peb pom tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab-resistant thiabtshuaj tua kab- Cov neeg raug tsim txom hauv Burkina Faso. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam ntawm ob lub tebchaws Burkina Faso. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, nyob rau hauv Anopheles arabiensis yoov tshaj cum los ntawm Ethiopia, meej sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg tau pom ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov uas muaj sia nyob raug tshuaj tua kab. Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas ntxiv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg Anopheles arabiensis no, peb tau ua RNA sequencing thiab pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj detoxification noob cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tua kab, nrog rau cov kev hloov hauv kev ua pa, metabolic, thiab synaptic ion channels.
Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias qee zaum cov microbiota tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab, ntxiv rau cov kev hloov pauv hloov.
Txawm hais tias kev tiv thaiv feem ntau tau piav qhia raws li cov caj ces ntawm Anopheles vector, cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov microbiome hloov hauv cov lus teb rau cov tshuaj tua kab, tawm tswv yim lub luag haujlwm rau cov kab mob no tiv thaiv. Tseeb tiag, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Anopheles gambie yoov tshaj cum vectors nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Central America tau pom cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob epidermal microbiome tom qab raug rau pyrethroids, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho microbiome tom qab raug organophosphates. Hauv tebchaws Africa, pyrethroid tsis kam tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov microbiota hauv Cameroon, Kenya, thiab Côte d'Ivoire, thaum lub chaw soj ntsuam-hloov Anopheles gambiae tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov microbiota tom qab xaiv rau pyrethroid tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sim kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ntxiv cov kab mob paub hauv chav kuaj-colonized Anopheles arabiensis yoov tshaj cum pom tau tias muaj kev ua siab ntev rau pyrethroids. Ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txuas nrog yoov tshaj cum microbiome thiab tias qhov no ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem siv rau kev tswj kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb siv 16S sequencing los txiav txim seb microbiota ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam-colonized thiab teb-sw yoov tshaj cum nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab East Africa txawv ntawm cov ciaj sia taus thiab cov tuag tom qab raug rau pyrethroid deltamethrin. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piv microbiota los ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm Africa nrog ntau hom thiab qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pab nkag siab txog kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov zej zog microbial. Laboratory colonies yog los ntawm Burkina Faso thiab reared nyob rau hauv ob txawv European lab (An. coluzzii nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab An. arabiensis nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom), yoov tshaj cum los ntawm Burkina Faso sawv cev rau tag nrho peb hom ntawm An. gambiae hom complex, thiab yoov tshaj cum los ntawm Ethiopia sawv cev rau An. arabiensis. Ntawm no, peb qhia tau tias Anopheles arabiensis los ntawm Ethiopia muaj cov cim microbiota sib txawv hauv yoov tshaj cum nyob thiab tuag, thaum Anopheles arabiensis los ntawm Burkina Faso thiab ob lub chaw soj nstuam tsis tau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntxiv. Peb tau ua RNA sequencing ntawm Anopheles arabiensis cov pejxeem thiab pom tias cov noob muaj feem xyuam nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau raug kho, thaum cov noob caj pas cuam tshuam feem ntau hloov pauv. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nrog cov pej xeem thib ob los ntawm Ethiopia tau txheeb xyuas cov noob caj noob ces tseem ceeb hauv thaj av. Kev sib piv ntxiv nrog Anopheles arabiensis los ntawm Burkina Faso qhia qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg, tab sis tseem tau txheeb xyuas plaub qhov tseem ceeb detoxification noob uas tau tshaj tawm thoob plaws Africa.
Cov yoov tshaj cum nyob thiab tuag ntawm txhua hom los ntawm txhua cheeb tsam tau muab faib ua 16S thiab suav nrog cov txheeb ze. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm alpha, qhia tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm taxonomic unit (OTU) nplua nuj; Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txawv ntawm beta sib txawv ntawm cov teb chaws, thiab cov ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam rau lub teb chaws thiab nyob / tuag (PANOVA = 0.001 thiab 0.008, raws li) qhia tias muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov xwm txheej no. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm beta sib txawv ntawm cov teb chaws, qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg. Bray-Curtis multivariate scaling plot (Daim duab 2A) tau qhia tias cov qauv tau raug cais ntau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb. Ntau cov qauv los ntawm An. arabiensis zej zog thiab ib qho piv txwv los ntawm An. coluzzii zej zog sib tshooj nrog ib qho piv txwv los ntawm Burkina Faso, whereas ib qho piv txwv los ntawm An. arabiensis cov qauv los ntawm Burkina Faso sib tshooj nrog An. arabiensis cov qauv hauv zej zog, uas yuav qhia tau tias thawj microbiota tau raug khaws cia ntau tiam neeg thiab thoob plaws ntau thaj tsam. Cov qauv Burkina Faso tsis tau meej meej cais los ntawm hom; qhov tsis muaj kev cais tawm no tau xav tau txij li cov tib neeg tau tom qab sib sau ua ke txawm tias muaj keeb kwm los ntawm qhov sib txawv larval ib puag ncig. Tseeb tiag, kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ecological niche thaum lub sij hawm dej theem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm microbiota [50]. Interestingly, thaum Burkina Faso yoov tshaj cum kuaj thiab cov zej zog tsis pom qhov sib txawv ntawm yoov tshaj cum ciaj sia los yog tuag tom qab raug tshuaj tua kab, cov Ethiopian cov qauv tau muab cais kom meej, qhia tias cov microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv cov qauv Anopheles yog txuam nrog tshuaj tua kab. Cov qauv raug sau los ntawm tib qhov chaw, uas yuav piav qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke muaj zog.
Kev tawm tsam rau pyrethroid insecticides yog ib qho phenotype nyuaj, thiab thaum cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov metabolism thiab cov hom phiaj tau kawm tau zoo, kev hloov pauv hauv microbiota tsuas yog pib tshawb nrhiav. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb pom tias kev hloov pauv hauv microbiota yuav tseem ceeb dua hauv qee cov neeg; peb ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Anopheles arabiensis los ntawm Bahir Dar thiab qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj paub txog kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov noob caj noob ces uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev tshawb fawb RNA yav dhau los ntawm Anopheles arabiensis cov pej xeem los ntawm Ethiopia. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov yoov tshaj cum no tuaj yeem nyob ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab tsis yog caj ces, zoo li vim tias kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab mob hauv paus txawm tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab degradation hauv cov neeg uas muaj qib qis dua.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau txuas ntxiv ua pa rau cov tshuaj tua kab tiv thaiv, ua raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm ontology enriched hauv Bahir Dar RNAseq thiab cov ntaub ntawv Ethiopian integrated tau txais ntawm no; rov hais ntxiv tias kev tiv thaiv ua rau muaj kev ua pa ntxiv, xws li ua rau lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov phenotype. Yog tias cov kev hloov pauv no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab nitrogen hom muaj peev xwm, raws li tau hais dhau los, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov vector muaj peev xwm thiab microbial colonization los ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm ROS scavenging los ntawm cov kab mob ntev ntev.
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia no muab pov thawj tias microbiota tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tua kab hauv qee qhov chaw. Peb kuj qhia tau tias An. Arabiensis yoov tshaj cum nyob rau hauv Ethiopia tso cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj tua kab; Txawm li cas los xij, tus lej ntawm cov noob sib raug rau cov neeg hauv Burkina Faso tsawg. Ntau qhov kev ceeb toom tseem tshuav txog cov lus xaus tau mus txog ntawm no thiab hauv lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb. Ua ntej, kev sib raug zoo ntawm pyrethroid ciaj sia thiab microbiota yuav tsum tau ua kom pom kev siv cov kev tshawb fawb metabolomic lossis microbiota hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv tau ntawm cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb hauv ntau haiv neeg los ntawm ntau cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau ua kom pom. Thaum kawg, kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv transcriptome nrog cov ntaub ntawv microbiota los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tom qab hloov pauv yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxiv txog seb microbiota ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov yoov tshaj cum nrog rau kev tiv thaiv pyrethroid. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ke, peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev tawm tsam yog ob qho tib si hauv zos thiab hla teb chaws, qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj cov tshuaj tua kab tshiab hauv ntau thaj tsam.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-24-2025