Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog los muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txogtshuaj tua kabkev tawm tsam rau kev txiav txim siab txog cov kev pab cuam tswj kev tawm tsam hauv Togo.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Anopheles gambiae (SL) raug tshuaj tua kab uas siv rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem tau raug soj ntsuam siv WHO hauv vitro kuaj cov txheej txheem. Bioassays rau pyrethroid tsis kam tau ua raws li CDC lub raj mis kuaj cov txheej txheem. Detoxifying enzyme kev ua ub no tau raug sim siv cov synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, thiab ethacrine. Kev txheeb xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hom tsiaj thiab genotyping ntawm kdr mutation hauv Anopheles gambiae SL siv PCR thev naus laus zis.
Cov pej xeem hauv zos ntawm Anopheles gambiae sl tau qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho rau pirimiphos-methyl ntawm Lomé, Kowie, Aniye thiab Kpeletutu. Kev tuag yog 90% ntawm Bayda, qhia txog qhov yuav tiv taus pirimiphos-methyl. Kev tiv taus DDT, benzodicarb thiab propoxur tau sau tseg ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Cov qib siab ntawm kev tiv taus rau pyrethroids tau sau tseg, nrog rau oxidases, esterases thiab glutathione-s-transferases yog cov enzymes detoxifying uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv taus, raws li kev sim synergistic. Cov hom tseem ceeb uas tau pom yog Anopheles gambiae (ss) thiab Anopheles cruzi. Cov zaus siab ntawm kdr L1014F thiab cov zaus qis ntawm kdr L1014S alleles tau pom ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Daim ntawv tshawb fawb no qhia tau tias xav tau cov cuab yeej ntxiv los txhawb kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tswj kab mob malaria uas siv tshuaj tua kab (IRS thiab LLIN).
Kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev pab cuam tswj kab mob malaria hauv Africa [1]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab siv hauv kev kho mob hauv lub txaj thiab kev txau tshuaj seem hauv tsev (IRS) xav kom peb rov xav txog kev siv cov khoom no thiab kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv kab mob [2]. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj tau tshaj tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv West Africa suav nrog Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Togo [6, 7]. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias kev siv cov synergists thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob malaria hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau pyrethroids [8, 9]. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tswv yim tswj hwm, kev koom ua ke ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv rau hauv txhua txoj cai tswj hwm kab mob yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab [2]. Txhua lub tebchaws yuav tsum txhawb nqa kev siv cov kev pab cuam tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kuaj pom kev tiv thaiv [10]. Raws li Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) cov lus pom zoo [10], kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv suav nrog kev siv peb kauj ruam suav nrog (1) kev ntsuam xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab tsuag, (2) kev piav qhia txog qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv, thiab (3) kev ntsuam xyuas cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, nrog rau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Hauv Togo, thawj kauj ruam, kev ntsuam xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab tsuag ntawm cov kab mob malaria, yog ua txhua 2-3 xyoos hauv cov chaw saib xyuas ntawm National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). Lub zog tiv thaiv thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm ob kauj ruam kawg (piv txwv li, cov potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), thiab ethacrynic acid (EA)) tsis tau raug kawm ntau.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog los daws peb yam no thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha rau NMCP los txiav txim siab txog kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv hauv Togo.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau ua txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli 2021 ntawm cov chaw saib xyuas NMCP uas tau xaiv hauv peb lub nroog saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv sab qab teb Togo (Daim Duab 1). Tsib qhov chaw saib xyuas NMCP tau raug xaiv rau kev saib xyuas raws li lawv thaj chaw (cov cheeb tsam huv sib txawv) thiab cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig (muaj ntau tus kab mob, cov chaw yug me nyuam tas mus li): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère thiab Kpeletoutou (Rooj 1).
Daim ntawv tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias cov kab Anopheles gambiae hauv Togo sab qab teb tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob loj, tshwj tsis yog pirimiphos-methyl. Muaj kev tiv thaiv pyrethroid ntau heev ntawm qhov chaw tshawb fawb, tej zaum cuam tshuam nrog cov enzymes detoxifying (oxidases, esterases thiab glutathione-s-transferases). Kev hloov pauv kdr L1014F tau pom hauv ob hom kab Anopheles gambiae ss thiab Anopheles kruzi nrog cov zaus hloov pauv tab sis siab (> 0.50), thaum kev hloov pauv kdr L1014S tshwm sim ntawm qhov zaus qis heev thiab pom tsuas yog hauv Anopheles cruzi yoov tshaj cum. Cov synergists PBO thiab EA ib feem tau rov qab kho qhov rhiab heev rau pyrethroids thiab organochlorines, feem, ntawm txhua qhov chaw, thaum DEF ua rau muaj kev rhiab heev rau carbamates thiab organophosphates ntawm txhua qhov chaw tshwj tsis yog Anye. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab Togolese National Malaria Control Program los tsim cov tswv yim tswj hwm vector zoo dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-23-2024