Herbicide Resistance

Herbicide resistance yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm biotype ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom muaj sia nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshuaj tua kab mob uas cov pej xeem tseem raug cuam tshuam.Ib hom biotype yog ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib hom tsiaj uas muaj cov kab mob lom (xws li tsis kam mus rau ib qho tshuaj herbicide) tsis zoo rau cov pejxeem tag nrho.

Tshuaj tua kab mob kuj yog qhov teeb meem loj heev uas ntsib North Carolina cov neeg cog qoob loo.Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ntau dua 100 biotypes ntawm cov nroj tsuag paub tias tiv taus ib lossis ntau dua siv tshuaj tua kab mob.Nyob rau hauv North Carolina, peb tam sim no muaj ib tug biotype ntawm goosegrass resistant rau dinitroaniline herbicides (Prowl, Sonalan, thiab Treflan), ib tug biotype ntawm cocklebur resistant rau MSMA thiab DSMA, thiab ib tug biotype ntawm txhua xyoo ryegrass resistant rau Hoelon.

Txog thaum tsis ntev los no, muaj kev txhawj xeeb me ntsis txog kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv North Carolina.Txawm hais tias peb muaj peb hom biotypes resistant rau qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov biotypes tau yooj yim piav qhia los ntawm kev loj hlob cov qoob loo hauv monoculture.Cov neeg cog qoob loo uas tig cov qoob loo tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev tiv thaiv.Qhov xwm txheej, txawm li cas los xij, tau hloov pauv nyob rau xyoo tas los no vim yog kev txhim kho thiab siv dav ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm (Table 15 thiab 16).Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim yog hais txog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab tua kab mob.Niaj hnub no, tshuaj tua kab mob muaj tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv rau ntau cov qoob loo uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv kev sib hloov.Ntawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas inhibit ALS enzyme system (Table 15).Ob peb ntawm peb cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau siv yog ALS inhibitors.Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab yuav tsum tau sau npe hauv 5 xyoos tom ntej no yog ALS inhibitors.Raws li ib pab pawg, ALS inhibitors muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas zoo li ua rau lawv yooj yim rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis kam.

Cov tshuaj herbicides yog siv rau hauv kev tsim qoob loo tsuas yog vim tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis kev lag luam ntau dua li lwm txoj kev tswj cov nroj tsuag.Yog hais tias tsis kam mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj tua kab mob los yog tsev neeg ntawm herbicides hloov zuj zuj, tsim nyog lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob tej zaum yuav tsis muaj nyob.Piv txwv li, tam sim no tsis muaj lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob los tswj Hoelon-resistant ryegrass.Yog li ntawd, herbicides yuav tsum tau saib raws li cov peev txheej los tiv thaiv.Peb yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev uas cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Kev nkag siab txog qhov kev tawm tsam hloov pauv li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tsam.Muaj ob qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev hloov pauv tshuaj tua kab mob.Ua ntej, ib tus neeg cov nroj tsuag muaj cov noob sib tham txog kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem.Qhov thib ob, kev xaiv siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau yam uas cov tib neeg tsis tshua muaj zog tiv taus yuav tsum tau ua rau cov pej xeem.Cov tib neeg tiv taus, yog tias tam sim no, ua kom tsawg feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem.Feem ntau, cov tib neeg tiv taus muaj nyob ntawm ntau zaus xws li 1 ntawm 100,000 txog 1 ntawm 100 lab.Yog tias tib cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog tshuaj tua kab mob nrog tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau siv tas li, cov neeg raug tsim txom raug tua tab sis cov neeg tiv thaiv tsis raug mob thiab tsim cov noob.Yog tias qhov kev xaiv siab txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau tiam neeg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biotype yuav kawg ua kom muaj feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem.Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, kev tswj cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem tau nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj tua kab mob.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj hwm lub tswv yim kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog kev sib hloov ntawm cov tshuaj herbicides uas muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm.Tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qeb uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau ob qho qoob loo sib law liag.Ib yam li ntawd, tsis txhob ua ntau tshaj ob daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab rau cov qoob loo tib yam.Tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov kab mob nruab nrab-kev pheej hmoo rau ntau tshaj ob cov qoob loo sib law liag.Cov tshuaj herbicides nyob rau hauv qeb uas tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum tau xaiv thaum lawv yuav tswj cov complexTank sib tov los yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau touted raws li cov khoom ntawm kev tswj kev tiv thaiv.Yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm lub tank sib xyaw lossis cov ntawv thov sib txuas tau raug xaiv kom zoo, lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem pab tau zoo hauv kev ncua kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv.Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev sib xyaw tank lossis cov ntawv thov ua ntu zus kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawm tsam tsis tau ntsib nrog cov khoom siv sib xyaw.Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, ob qho tshuaj tua kab siv tshuaj tua kab mob los yog hauv cov tank sib tov yuav tsum muaj tib lub spectrum ntawm kev tswj thiab yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo sib xws.

Raws li qhov ua tau, koom ua ke cov kev tswj tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg xws li kev cog qoob loo rau hauv kev tswj cov nroj tsuag.Khaws cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv txhua qhov chaw rau yav tom ntej siv.

Tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tiv taus cov nroj tsuag.Feem ntau ntawm kev tswj cov nroj tsuag tsis ua haujlwm tsis yog vim muaj tshuaj tua kab mob.Ua ntej xav tias cov nroj tsuag muaj sia nyob daim ntawv thov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshem tawm tag nrho lwm yam ua rau kev tswj tsis zoo.Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm kev tswj cov nroj tsuag tsis ua haujlwm suav nrog tej yam xws li kev siv tsis raug (xws li tus nqi tsis txaus, kev pab them nqi tsis zoo, kev koom ua ke tsis zoo, lossis tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa);huab cua tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo;Lub sij hawm tsis raug ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob (tshwj xeeb, siv tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab cov nroj tsuag loj heev rau kev tswj kom zoo);thiab cov nroj tsuag tawm tom qab siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob luv luv.

Thaum tag nrho lwm yam ua rau kev tswj tsis tau raug tshem tawm, cov hauv qab no yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob-tiv taus: (1) txhua hom tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog tswj tau zoo;(2) cov nroj tsuag noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tsiaj hauv nqe lus nug yog sib cais ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tib hom uas raug tua;(3) cov hom tsis tswj yog ib txwm raug rau cov tshuaj tua kab hauv nqe lus nug;thiab (4) daim teb muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov lus nug lossis tshuaj tua kab mob nrog tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua.Yog tias xav tias muaj kev tiv thaiv, tam sim ntawd tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov lus nug thiab lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua.