Xyoo 1962, thaum ICI tso tawm cov tshuaj paraquat rau hauv kev ua lag luam, yeej tsis tau xav tias paraquat yuav muaj txoj hmoo zoo li no yav tom ntej. Cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis xaiv tau dav dav no tau teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj tua kab thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov kev poob qis ib zaug ua rau txaj muag, tab sis nrog rau tus nqi siab ntawm Shuangcao xyoo no thiab yuav txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, nws tab tom tawm tsam hauv kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis cov tshuaj paraquat pheej yig tab tom coj kev cia siab.
Cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis xaiv zoo heev
Paraquat yog tshuaj tua kab bipyridine. Cov tshuaj tua kab no yog tshuaj tua kab uas tsis xaiv kev sib cuag uas ICI tsim tawm xyoo 1950. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab dav dav, kev sib cuag sai, tiv taus nag, thiab tsis xaiv kev sib cuag. Thiab lwm yam zoo heev.
Siv tau Paraquat los tswj cov nroj tsuag ua ntej cog lossis tom qab cog hauv cov vaj txiv hmab, pob kws, qab zib, taum pauv thiab lwm yam qoob loo. Nws siv tau ua cov tshuaj desiccant thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob loo thiab tseem siv ua cov tshuaj defoliant.
Paraquat tua cov chloroplast membrane ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov seem ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cuam tshuam rau kev tsim chlorophyll hauv cov nroj tsuag, yog li cuam tshuam rau photosynthesis ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab thaum kawg sai sai nres kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Paraquat muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag monocot thiab dicot. Feem ntau, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem hloov xim hauv 2 txog 3 teev tom qab siv.
Qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov xwm txheej xa tawm ntawm paraquat
Vim yog qhov tshuaj lom ntawm paraquat rau tib neeg lub cev thiab qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thaum siv tsis tu ncua, paraquat raug txwv los ntawm ntau dua 30 lub tebchaws suav nrog European Union, Tuam Tshoj, Thaib, Switzerland thiab Brazil.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas 360 Research Reports tso tawm, kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm paraquat hauv xyoo 2020 tau poob qis mus txog li 100 lab daus las Asmeskas. Raws li Syngenta daim ntawv qhia txog paraquat uas tso tawm hauv xyoo 2021, Syngenta tam sim no muag paraquat hauv 28 lub tebchaws. Muaj 377 lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb uas tau sau npe cov tshuaj paraquat zoo. Syngenta suav txog kwv yees li ib qho ntawm kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm paraquat. Ib feem plaub.
Xyoo 2018, Tuam Tshoj tau xa tawm 64,000 tons ntawm paraquat thiab 56,000 tons hauv xyoo 2019. Cov chaw xa tawm tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov paraquat hauv xyoo 2019 yog Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, Tebchaws Meskas, Mexico, Thaib teb, Australia, thiab lwm yam.
Txawm hais tias paraquat raug txwv tsis pub siv hauv cov teb chaws tseem ceeb uas tsim cov tshuaj tua kab xws li European Union, Brazil, thiab Suav teb, thiab qhov ntim xa tawm tau txo qis heev hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas tus nqi ntawm glyphosate thiab glufosinate-ammonium tseem pheej siab xyoo no thiab yuav txuas ntxiv nce siab, Paraquat, ib hom tshuaj uas yuav luag tsis muaj zog, yuav coj kev muaj zog tshiab.
Tus nqi siab ntawm Shuangcao txhawb nqa kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau paraquat
Yav tas los, thaum tus nqi ntawm glyphosate yog 26,000 yuan / ton, paraquat yog 13,000 yuan / ton. Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm glyphosate tseem yog 80,000 yuan / ton, thiab tus nqi ntawm glufosinate yog siab dua 350,000 yuan. Yav dhau los, qhov kev thov thoob ntiaj teb siab tshaj plaws rau paraquat yog li 260,000 tons (raws li 42% ntawm cov khoom tiag tiag), uas yog li 80,000 tons. Kev ua lag luam Suav teb yog li 15,000 tons, Brazil 10,000 tons, Thaib teb 10,000 tons, thiab Indonesia, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Thaib teb. Nigeria, Is Nrias teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Nrog kev txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj xws li Tuam Tshoj, Brazil, thiab Thaib teb, ntau dua 30,000 tons ntawm qhov chaw ua lag luam tau raug tso tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo no, nrog rau kev nce nqi sai ntawm "Shuangcao" thiab Diquat, thiab kev ua lag luam tsis muaj neeg tsav hauv Tebchaws Meskas Nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev siv tshuab, qhov kev thov hauv Tebchaws Meskas lossis North American kev ua lag luam tau nce li ntawm 20%, uas tau txhawb nqa qhov kev thov rau paraquat thiab txhawb nqa nws tus nqi mus rau qee qhov. Tam sim no, tus nqi / kev ua tau zoo ntawm paraquat sib tw ntau dua yog tias nws qis dua 40,000. zog.
Ntxiv rau, cov nyeem ntawv hauv Southeast Asia feem ntau tau tshaj tawm tias nyob rau hauv thaj chaw xws li Nyab Laj, Malaysia, thiab Brazil, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob sai thaum lub caij los nag, thiab paraquat muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev yaig los ntawm nag. Cov nqi ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob biocidal tau nce siab dhau. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv cov cheeb tsam no tseem muaj kev thov nruj. Cov neeg siv khoom hauv zos tau hais tias qhov ua tau ntawm kev tau txais paraquat los ntawm cov channel grey xws li kev lag luam ciam teb tab tom nce ntxiv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov khoom siv raw ntawm paraquat, pyridine, yog los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thee. Tus nqi tam sim no ruaj khov ntawm 28,000 yuan / ton, uas yog qhov nce ntxiv ntau los ntawm qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm 21,000 yuan / ton, tab sis thaum ntawd 21,000 yuan / ton twb qis dua tus nqi ntawm 2.4 Kaum txhiab yuan / ton. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm pyridine tau nce siab, nws tseem nyob ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog, uas yuav pab tau ntxiv rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau paraquat. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom paraquat hauv tsev kuj xav tias yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws.
Peev xwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom paraquat loj
Xyoo no, kev tso tawm cov tshuaj paraquat (los ntawm 100%) raug txwv, thiab Tuam Tshoj yog lub teb chaws tsim cov tshuaj paraquat tseem ceeb. Nws nkag siab tias cov tuam txhab hauv tebchaws xws li Red Sun, Jiangsu Nuoen, Shandong Luba, Hebei Baofeng, Hebei Lingang, thiab Syngenta Nantong tab tom tsim cov tshuaj paraquat. Yav dhau los, thaum paraquat zoo tshaj plaws, Shandong Dacheng, Sanonda, Lvfeng, Yongnong, Qiaochang, thiab Xianlong yog cov chaw tsim cov tshuaj paraquat. Nws nkag siab tias cov tuam txhab no tsis tsim cov tshuaj paraquat lawm.
Red Sun muaj peb lub Hoobkas los tsim cov tshuaj paraquat. Ntawm lawv, Nanjing Red Sun Biochemical Co., Ltd. muaj peev xwm tsim tau 8,000-10,000 tons. Nws nyob hauv Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park. Xyoo tas los, 42% ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev muaj cov zis txhua hli ntawm 2,500-3,000 tons. Xyoo no, nws tau tso tseg tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm. Lub Hoobkas Anhui Guoxing muaj peev xwm tsim tau 20,000 tons. Lub Hoobkas Shandong Kexin muaj peev xwm tsim tau 2,000 tons. Red Sun lub peev xwm tsim tawm tau tso tawm ntawm 70%.
Jiangsu Nuoen muaj peev xwm tsim tau 12,000 tons ntawm paraquat, thiab qhov tseeb tsim tau yog li ntawm 10,000 tons, uas tso tawm li ntawm 80% ntawm nws lub peev xwm; Shandong Luba muaj peev xwm tsim tau 10,000 tons ntawm paraquat, thiab nws qhov tseeb tsim tau yog li ntawm 7,000 tons, uas tso tawm li ntawm 70% ntawm nws lub peev xwm tsim tau; Hebei Baofeng qhov tsim tau ntawm paraquat yog 5,000 tons; Hebei Lingang muaj peev xwm tsim tau 5,000 tons ntawm paraquat, thiab qhov tseeb tsim tau yog li ntawm 3,500 tons; Syngenta Nantong muaj peev xwm tsim tau 10,000 tons ntawm paraquat, thiab qhov tseeb tsim tau yog li ntawm 5,000 tons.
Ntxiv rau, Syngenta muaj lub chaw tsim khoom 9,000-tuj hauv Huddersfield cog hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab lub chaw tsim khoom 1,000-tuj hauv Brazil. Nws nkag siab tias xyoo no kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob sib kis hauv lub xeev ntawm kev txo qis ntawm kev tsim khoom, txo qis kev tsim khoom los ntawm 50% ib zaug.
kev xaus lus
Paraquat tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsis muaj lwm yam pauv tau hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus nqi tam sim no ntawm glyphosate thiab glufosinate ua cov neeg sib tw yog nyob rau theem siab thiab kev muab khoom tsawg, uas muab ntau lub tswv yim rau qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev thov rau paraquat.
Lub Caij Ntuj No Olympics hauv Beijing yuav muaj nyob rau lub Ob Hlis xyoo tom ntej. Txij li Lub Ib Hlis 2022, ntau lub Hoobkas loj hauv sab qaum teb Suav teb tab tom ntsib kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ncua kev tsim khoom rau 45 hnub. Tam sim no, nws muaj peev xwm heev, tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov tsis paub meej. Kev ncua kev tsim khoom yuav ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntxiv ntawm kev muab thiab kev thov ntawm glyphosate thiab lwm yam khoom. Kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom Paraquat yuav siv lub sijhawm no kom tau txais kev txhawb nqa.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-24-2021