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Cov tshuaj tua kab uas tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ua ke yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes lossis kev sib cuam tshuam tiv thaiv kab tsuag. Vim muaj kev sib kis sai ntawm cov kab mob uas Aedes yoov tshaj cum nqa thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Aedes yoov tshaj cum rau cov tshuaj tua kab ib txwm muaj, nees nkaum yim cov tshuaj terpene uas ua los ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tsim thiab sim tawm tsam cov theem larval thiab cov neeg laus ntawm Aedes aegypti. Tsib cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag (EOs) tau raug soj ntsuam thawj zaug rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig tua kab thiab cov neeg laus siv, thiab ob lub tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas hauv txhua EO raws li cov txiaj ntsig GC-MS. Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas tau yuav, uas yog diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, carvone, limonene, eugenol, methyl eugenol, eucalyptol, eudesmol thiab yoov tshaj cum alpha-pinene. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj no tau npaj siv cov koob tshuaj sublethal thiab lawv cov teebmeem synergistic thiab antagonistic tau sim thiab txiav txim siab. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw limonene nrog diallyl disulfide, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob laus zoo tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw carvone nrog limonene. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsim los ntawm kev lag luam Temphos thiab cov tshuaj laus Malathion tau raug sim cais thiab ua ob qho kev sib xyaw nrog terpenoids. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev sib xyaw ntawm temephos thiab diallyl disulfide thiab malathion thiab eudesmol yog qhov kev sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj zog no muaj peev xwm siv tau tawm tsam Aedes aegypti.
Cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag (EOs) yog cov metabolites thib ob uas muaj ntau yam bioactive compounds thiab tab tom tseem ceeb zuj zus los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj tua kab. Tsis yog lawv tsuas yog tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab tus neeg siv-phooj ywg, tab sis lawv kuj yog cov sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam bioactive compounds, uas kuj txo qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj1. Siv GC-MS thev naus laus zis, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam roj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txheeb xyuas ntau dua 3,000 cov tshuaj los ntawm 17,500 tsob nroj aromatic2, feem ntau ntawm cov uas tau sim rau cov khoom tua kab thiab tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov teebmeem tua kab3,4. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov tshuaj lom ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog tib yam li lossis ntau dua li ntawm nws cov ethylene oxide nyoos. Tab sis kev siv cov tshuaj ib leeg tuaj yeem tso chaw rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv, zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab5,6. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tsom mus rau tam sim no yog npaj cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm ethylene oxide-based compounds los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tua kab thiab txo qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv cov pej xeem kab tsuag. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj nyob hauv EOs tej zaum yuav muaj cov teebmeem synergistic lossis antagonistic hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm EO, qhov tseeb uas tau hais meej hauv kev tshawb fawb uas cov kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los ua7,8. Cov kev pab cuam tswj kab mob kuj suav nrog EO thiab nws cov khoom. Cov roj tseem ceeb ua haujlwm tua kab tau raug kawm ntau yam ntawm cov kab Culex thiab Anopheles. Ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau sim tsim cov tshuaj tua kab zoo los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntau yam nroj tsuag nrog cov tshuaj tua kab tsim los ua lag luam kom ua rau muaj kev lom ntau ntxiv thiab txo cov kev mob tshwm sim9. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj no tawm tsam Aedes aegypti tseem tsis tshua muaj. Kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb kho mob thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau pab tawm tsam qee cov kab mob uas kis los ntawm kab mob. Tab sis qhov muaj ntau hom kab mob sib txawv, kis los ntawm kab Aedes aegypti, tau ua rau cov kev pab cuam txhaj tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov kab mob zoo li no tshwm sim, cov kev pab cuam tswj kab mob yog tib txoj kev xaiv los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, kev tswj hwm Aedes aegypti yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim nws yog tus kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab lawv cov serotypes ua rau mob dengue, Zika, mob dengue hemorrhagic, mob yellow fever, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov tseeb tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg mob yuav luag txhua tus kab mob Aedes-borne tau nce ntxiv txhua xyoo hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab tab tom nce ntxiv thoob ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, hauv qhov xwm txheej no, muaj qhov xav tau ceev ceev los tsim cov kev tswj hwm zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab zoo rau cov pej xeem Aedes aegypti. Cov neeg sib tw muaj peev xwm hauv qhov no yog EOs, lawv cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau sim txheeb xyuas cov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag EO tseem ceeb los ntawm tsib tsob nroj nrog cov khoom tua kab (piv txwv li, mint, holy basil, Eucalyptus spotted, Allium sulfur thiab melaleuca) tawm tsam Aedes aegypti.
Tag nrho cov EOs uas tau xaiv tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob Aedes aegypti nrog 24-teev LC50 txij li 0.42 txog 163.65 ppm. Kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob siab tshaj plaws tau sau tseg rau peppermint (Mp) EO nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 0.42 ppm ntawm 24 teev, ua raws li qej (As) nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 16.19 ppm ntawm 24 teev (Table 1).
Tsuas yog Ocimum Sainttum, Os EO xwb, tag nrho plaub lwm cov EOs uas tau kuaj pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua xua, nrog rau LC50 tus nqi txij li 23.37 txog 120.16 ppm dhau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj 24 teev. Thymophilus striata (Cl) EO muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tua cov neeg laus nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 23.37 ppm hauv 24 teev ntawm kev raug tshuaj, ua raws li Eucalyptus maculata (Em) uas muaj tus nqi LC50 ntawm 101.91 ppm (Rooj 1). Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus nqi LC50 rau Os tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab vim tias tus nqi tuag siab tshaj plaws ntawm 53% tau sau tseg ntawm qhov ntau tshaj plaws (Daim Duab Ntxiv 3).
Ob lub tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv txhua EO tau txheeb xyuas thiab xaiv raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm NIST lub tsev qiv ntawv database, GC chromatogram cheeb tsam feem pua, thiab MS spectra cov txiaj ntsig (Rooj 2). Rau EO As, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas yog diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide; rau EO Mp cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas yog carvone thiab limonene, rau EO Em cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas yog eudesmol thiab eucalyptol; Rau EO Os, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas yog eugenol thiab methyl eugenol, thiab rau EO Cl, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas yog eugenol thiab α-pinene (Daim Duab 1, Cov Duab Ntxiv 5–8, Rooj Ntxiv 1–5).
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov terpenoids tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb xaiv (A-diallyl disulfide; B-diallyl trisulfide; C-eugenol; D-methyl eugenol; E-limonene; F-aromatic ceperone; G-α-pinene; H-cineole; R-eudamol).
Tag nrho cuaj lub tshuaj (diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, eugenol, methyl eugenol, carvone, limonene, eucalyptol, eudesmol, α-pinene) tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov tshuaj zoo uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm EO thiab tau bioassayed ib tus zuj zus tawm tsam Aedes aegypti ntawm theem larval. . Lub tshuaj eudesmol muaj qhov ua haujlwm larvicidal siab tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 2.25 ppm tom qab 24 teev ntawm kev raug. Cov tshuaj diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide kuj tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ua rau larvicidal, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab sublethal koob tshuaj hauv qhov ntau ntawm 10-20 ppm. Qhov nruab nrab larvicidal kev ua haujlwm tau pom dua rau cov tshuaj eugenol, limonene thiab eucalyptol nrog LC50 tus nqi ntawm 63.35 ppm, 139.29 ppm. thiab 181.33 ppm tom qab 24 teev, feem (Rooj 3). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm methyl eugenol thiab carvone uas tua tau kab mob txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj siab tshaj plaws, yog li LC50 tus nqi tsis tau suav (Rooj 3). Cov tshuaj tua kab mob Temephos muaj qhov nruab nrab ua rau tuag taus ntawm 0.43 ppm tawm tsam Aedes aegypti dhau 24 teev ntawm kev raug (Rooj 3, Rooj Ntxiv 6).
Xya lub tshuaj (diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, eucalyptol, α-pinene, eudesmol, limonene thiab carvone) tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm EO zoo thiab tau sim ib leeg tawm tsam cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes laus. Raws li Probit regression analysis, Eudesmol tau pom tias muaj peev xwm siab tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 1.82 ppm, ua raws li Eucalyptol nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 17.60 ppm ntawm 24-teev lub sijhawm raug. Tsib lub tshuaj seem uas tau sim yog qhov txaus ntshai rau cov neeg laus uas muaj LC50s txij li 140.79 txog 737.01 ppm (Rooj 3). Cov tshuaj organophosphorus malathion tsim tsis muaj zog dua li eudesmol thiab siab dua li rau lub tshuaj, nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 5.44 ppm dhau lub sijhawm raug 24-teev (Rooj 3, Rooj Ntxiv 6).
Xya lub tshuaj txhuas muaj zog thiab cov organophosphorus tamephosate tau raug xaiv los tsim cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lawv cov koob tshuaj LC50 hauv qhov sib piv 1:1. Tag nrho 28 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau npaj thiab sim rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig tua kab mob Aedes aegypti. Cuaj qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom tes, 14 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog kev sib tawm tsam, thiab tsib qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis yog kev tua kab mob. Ntawm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm diallyl disulfide thiab temofol yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau 100% kev tuag pom tom qab 24 teev (Rooj 4). Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ntawm limonene nrog diallyl disulfide thiab eugenol nrog thymetphos tau qhia txog peev xwm zoo nrog kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob ntawm 98.3% (Rooj 5). 4 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke seem, uas yog eudesmol ntxiv rau eucalyptol, eudesmol ntxiv rau limonene, eucalyptol ntxiv rau alpha-pinene, alpha-pinene ntxiv rau temephos, kuj tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev tuag pom ntau dua 90%. Tus nqi tuag uas xav tias yuav muaj ze li ntawm 60-75%. (Rooj 4). Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm limonene nrog α-pinene lossis eucalyptus tau qhia txog kev tawm tsam. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ntawm Temephos nrog eugenol lossis eucalyptus lossis eudesmol lossis diallyl trisulfide tau pom tias muaj kev tawm tsam. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj no nrog eudesmol lossis eugenol yog kev tawm tsam hauv lawv cov kev ua haujlwm tua kab. Kev tawm tsam kuj tau tshaj tawm nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm eudesmol nrog eugenol lossis α-pinene.
Ntawm tag nrho 28 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tau sim rau cov neeg laus cov kua qaub, 7 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog synergistic, 6 tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab 15 yog antagonistic. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm eudesmol nrog eucalyptus thiab limonene nrog carvone tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau cov nqi tuag ntawm 24 teev ntawm 76% thiab 100%, feem (Rooj 5). Malathion tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam synergistic nrog txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj tsis yog limonene thiab diallyl trisulfide. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev sib cav sib ceg tau pom ntawm diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv nrog eucalyptus, lossis eucalyptol, lossis carvone, lossis limonene. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm α-pinene nrog eudesmol lossis limonene, eucalyptol nrog carvone lossis limonene, thiab limonene nrog eudesmol lossis malathion tau qhia txog kev cuam tshuam larvicidal. Rau rau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tseem tshuav, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag uas xav tias yuav tshwm sim thiab kev tuag uas pom tau (Rooj 5).
Raws li cov teebmeem synergistic thiab sublethal doses, lawv cov tshuaj lom larvicidal tawm tsam ntau tus kab Aedes aegypti yoov tshaj cum tau raug xaiv thiab sim ntxiv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias qhov kev tuag ntawm cov kab uas pom los ntawm kev siv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke binary eugenol-limonene, diallyl disulfide-limonene thiab diallyl disulfide-timephos yog 100%, thaum qhov kev tuag ntawm cov kab uas xav tias yuav yog 76.48%, 72.16% thiab 63.4%, raws li (Rooj 6). . Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm limonene thiab eudesmol tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nrog rau 88% kev tuag ntawm cov kab uas pom tau hauv 24-teev lub sijhawm raug (Rooj 6). Hauv kev xaus, plaub qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke binary xaiv kuj tau qhia txog cov teebmeem synergistic larvicidal tawm tsam Aedes aegypti thaum siv rau ntawm qhov loj (Rooj 6).
Peb qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau raug xaiv rau kev sim tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov neeg laus kom tswj tau cov kab Aedes aegypti loj. Txhawm rau xaiv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke los sim cov kab loj, peb xub tsom mus rau ob qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws, uas yog carvone ntxiv rau limonene thiab eucalyptol ntxiv rau eudesmol. Qhov thib ob, qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws tau raug xaiv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj organophosphate malathion thiab terpenoids. Peb ntseeg tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm malathion thiab eudesmol yog qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sim cov kab loj vim muaj kev tuag ntau tshaj plaws thiab cov nqi LC50 qis heev ntawm cov khoom xyaw sib tw. Malathion ua rau pom kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog α-pinene, diallyl disulfide, eucalyptus, carvone thiab eudesmol. Tab sis yog tias peb saib cov nqi LC50, Eudesmol muaj tus nqi qis tshaj plaws (2.25 ppm). Cov nqi LC50 uas tau xam ntawm malathion, α-pinene, diallyl disulfide, eucalyptol thiab carvone yog 5.4, 716.55, 166.02, 17.6 thiab 140.79 ppm. raws li. Cov nqi no qhia tau tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm malathion thiab eudesmol yog qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev noj tshuaj. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm carvone ntxiv rau limonene thiab eudesmol ntxiv rau malathion muaj 100% kev tuag pom piv rau kev tuag kwv yees ntawm 61% txog 65%. Lwm qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke, eudesmol ntxiv rau eucalyptol, tau qhia txog kev tuag ntawm 78.66% tom qab 24 teev ntawm kev raug, piv rau kev tuag kwv yees ntawm 60%. Tag nrho peb qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke xaiv tau qhia txog cov teebmeem synergistic txawm tias thaum siv rau ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov neeg laus Aedes aegypti (Rooj 6).
Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, cov nroj tsuag EO xaiv xws li Mp, As, Os, Em thiab Cl tau qhia txog cov teebmeem tuag taus rau cov menyuam thiab cov neeg laus ntawm Aedes aegypti. Mp EO muaj cov haujlwm tua kab mob siab tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 0.42 ppm, ua raws li As, Os thiab Em EOs nrog tus nqi LC50 tsawg dua 50 ppm tom qab 24 teev. Cov txiaj ntsig no yog sib xws nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum thiab lwm yam yoov dipterous10,11,12,13,14. Txawm hais tias lub zog tua kab mob ntawm Cl qis dua lwm cov roj tseem ceeb, nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 163.65 ppm tom qab 24 teev, nws cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm siab tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 23.37 ppm tom qab 24 teev. Mp, As thiab Em EOs kuj tau qhia txog kev ua xua zoo nrog LC50 tus nqi hauv qhov ntau ntawm 100–120 ppm ntawm 24 teev ntawm kev raug, tab sis qis dua lawv cov txiaj ntsig larvicidal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, EO Os tau qhia txog kev ua xua tsis tseem ceeb txawm tias ntawm qhov tshuaj kho mob siab tshaj plaws. Yog li, cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias qhov tshuaj lom ntawm ethylene oxide rau cov nroj tsuag yuav txawv nyob ntawm theem kev loj hlob ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum15. Nws kuj nyob ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm EOs rau hauv lub cev kab, lawv kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov enzymes tshwj xeeb, thiab lub peev xwm tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov yoov tshaj cum ntawm txhua theem kev loj hlob16. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov khoom tseem ceeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ethylene oxide, vim nws suav rau feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj3,12,17,18. Yog li ntawd, peb tau xav txog ob lub tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv txhua EO. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig GC-MS, diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm EO As, uas yog sib xws nrog cov ntawv ceeb toom yav dhau los19,20,21. Txawm hais tias cov ntawv ceeb toom yav dhau los qhia tias menthol yog ib qho ntawm nws cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, carvone thiab limonene tau txheeb xyuas dua tias yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm Mp EO22,23. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ntawm Os EO qhia tau tias eugenol thiab methyl eugenol yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, uas zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ua ntej16,24. Eucalyptol thiab eucalyptol tau tshaj tawm tias yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob hauv Em nplooj roj, uas yog sib xws nrog cov kev tshawb pom ntawm qee tus kws tshawb fawb25,26 tab sis tsis zoo li cov kev tshawb pom ntawm Olalade et al.27. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cineole thiab α-pinene tau pom hauv melaleuca roj tseem ceeb, uas zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los28,29. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb uas tau rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tib yam hauv ntau qhov chaw tau raug tshaj tawm thiab kuj tau pom hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv thaj chaw, lub sijhawm sau qoob loo, theem kev loj hlob, lossis hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag.22,30,31,32. Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tau raug yuav thiab sim rau lawv cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab cov teebmeem rau cov kab Aedes aegypti laus. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias cov haujlwm tua kab mob ntawm diallyl disulfide zoo ib yam li cov EO As nyoos. Tab sis cov haujlwm ntawm diallyl trisulfide siab dua EO As. Cov txiaj ntsig no zoo ib yam li cov uas tau txais los ntawm Kimbaris et al.33 ntawm Culex philippines. Txawm li cas los xij, ob lub tshuaj no tsis tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob zoo rau cov kab tsuag, uas yog sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Plata-Rueda et al 34 ntawm Tenebrio molitor. Os EO ua haujlwm zoo rau theem kab mob ntawm Aedes aegypti, tab sis tsis tawm tsam theem kab laus. Nws tau tsim tsa tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw tseem ceeb yog qis dua li ntawm cov tshuaj Os EO nyoos. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj lub luag haujlwm rau lwm cov tshuaj sib xyaw thiab lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam hauv cov tshuaj ethylene oxide nyoos. Methyl eugenol ib leeg muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb, thaum eugenol ib leeg muaj kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob nruab nrab. Qhov xaus lus no lees paub, ntawm ib sab tes,35,36, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis sib haum nrog cov lus xaus ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ua ntej37,38. Qhov sib txawv hauv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm eugenol thiab methyleugenol yuav ua rau muaj kev lom sib txawv rau tib lub hom phiaj kab39. Limonene tau pom tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob nruab nrab, thaum cov nyhuv ntawm carvone tsis tseem ceeb. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom ntawm limonene rau cov kab laus thiab qhov muaj tshuaj lom ntawm carvone txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qee qhov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los40 tab sis tsis sib haum rau lwm tus41. Qhov muaj ob txoj kev sib txuas ntawm ob qho tib si intracyclic thiab exocyclic qhov chaw yuav ua rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj no ntau ntxiv raws li larvicides3,41, thaum carvone, uas yog ketone nrog unsaturated alpha thiab beta carbons, yuav ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau kev lom hauv cov neeg laus42. Txawm li cas los xij, tus yam ntxwv ntawm limonene thiab carvone qis dua li tag nrho EO Mp (Rooj 1, Rooj 3). Ntawm cov terpenoids sim, eudesmol tau pom tias muaj cov haujlwm larvicidal thiab cov neeg laus tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 qis dua 2.5 ppm, ua rau nws yog ib qho tshuaj cog lus rau kev tswj cov kab Aedes. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo dua li ntawm tag nrho EO Em, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis sib xws nrog cov kev tshawb pom ntawm Cheng et al.40. Eudesmol yog sesquiterpene nrog ob lub isoprene units uas tsis tshua muaj zog dua li oxygenated monoterpenes xws li eucalyptus thiab yog li ntawd muaj peev xwm ntau dua li tshuaj tua kab. Eucalyptol nws tus kheej muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li cov kab mob larvicidal, thiab cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua ntej ob qho tib si txhawb nqa thiab tsis lees paub qhov no37,43,44. Kev ua haujlwm ib leeg yog yuav luag sib piv rau tag nrho EO Cl. Lwm bicyclic monoterpene, α-pinene, muaj tsawg dua ntawm cov neeg laus cov nyhuv ntawm Aedes aegypti dua li cov kab mob larvicidal, uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm tag nrho EO Cl. Tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm tua kab ntawm terpenoids yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv cov lipophilicity, volatility, carbon branching, projection cheeb tsam, nto cheeb tsam, functional pawg thiab lawv txoj haujlwm45,46. Cov tshuaj no yuav ua haujlwm los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov cell accumulations, thaiv kev ua pa, cuam tshuam kev sib kis ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses, thiab lwm yam.47 Cov khoom siv organophosphate Temephos tau pom tias muaj kev ua haujlwm larvicidal siab tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi LC50 ntawm 0.43 ppm, uas yog sib xws nrog Lek cov ntaub ntawv -Utala48. Cov neeg laus cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv organophosphorus malathion tau tshaj tawm ntawm 5.44 ppm. Txawm hais tias ob hom organophosphates no tau qhia txog kev teb zoo rau cov kab mob hauv chaw kuaj mob Aedes aegypti, cov yoov tshaj cum tsis kam rau cov tshuaj no tau tshaj tawm hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb49. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo sib xws ntawm kev txhim kho kev tsis kam rau cov tshuaj ntsuab50. Yog li, cov nroj tsuag raug suav hais tias yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cov kev pab cuam tswj kab mob.
Cov nyhuv tua kab tau sim rau 28 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke (1:1) uas tau npaj los ntawm cov terpenoids muaj zog thiab terpenoids nrog thymetphos, thiab 9 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom tes, 14 qhov kev sib tawm tsam thiab 5 qhov kev sib tawm tsam. Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hauv kev sim tshuaj bioassay rau cov neeg laus, 7 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom tes, 15 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog kev sib tawm tsam, thiab 6 qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas qee qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsim cov txiaj ntsig synergistic yuav yog vim cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke sib cuam tshuam tib lub sijhawm hauv ntau txoj kev tseem ceeb, lossis rau kev txwv tsis pub ua ke ntawm cov enzymes tseem ceeb ntawm ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev51. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm limonene nrog diallyl disulfide, eucalyptus lossis eugenol tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom tes hauv ob qho kev siv me me thiab loj (Rooj 6), thaum nws qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog eucalyptus lossis α-pinene tau pom tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv rau cov kab. Qhov nruab nrab, limonene zoo li yog ib qho synergist zoo, tej zaum vim muaj cov pab pawg methyl, nkag mus rau hauv stratum corneum zoo, thiab lwm yam mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm52,53. Yav dhau los nws tau tshaj tawm tias limonene yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kab cuticles (kev phiv los ntawm kev sib cuag), cuam tshuam rau lub cev zom zaub mov (antifeedant), lossis cuam tshuam rau lub cev ua pa (kev ua haujlwm fumigation),54 thaum phenylpropanoids xws li eugenol yuav cuam tshuam rau cov enzymes metabolic 55. Yog li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj nrog ntau yam mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Eucalyptol tau pom tias muaj synergistic nrog diallyl disulfide, eucalyptus lossis α-pinene, tab sis lwm yam kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj yog tsis yog larvicidal lossis antagonistic. Cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov qhia tau hais tias eucalyptol muaj kev ua haujlwm inhibitory ntawm acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nrog rau octaamine thiab GABA receptors56. Vim tias cov cyclic monoterpenes, eucalyptol, eugenol, thiab lwm yam yuav muaj tib lub mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm li lawv cov neurotoxic kev ua haujlwm, 57 yog li txo lawv cov teebmeem ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Temephos nrog diallyl disulfide, α-pinene thiab limonene tau pom tias muaj synergistic, txhawb nqa cov ntawv ceeb toom yav dhau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws organophosphates58.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm eudesmol thiab eucalyptol tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam synergistic rau cov theem larval thiab cov neeg laus ntawm Aedes aegypti, tej zaum vim lawv cov hom kev ua haujlwm sib txawv vim lawv cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv. Eudesmol (ib qho sesquiterpene) yuav cuam tshuam rau lub cev ua pa 59 thiab eucalyptol (ib qho monoterpene) yuav cuam tshuam rau acetylcholinesterase 60. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom xyaw rau ob lossis ntau qhov chaw tsom mus rau yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij tag nrho ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Hauv cov neeg laus cov tshuaj bioassays, malathion tau pom tias yog synergistic nrog carvone lossis eucalyptol lossis eucalyptol lossis diallyl disulfide lossis α-pinene, qhia tias nws yog synergistic nrog kev ntxiv ntawm limonene thiab di. Cov neeg sib tw zoo synergistic allercide rau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm terpene compounds, tshwj tsis yog allyl trisulfide. Thangam thiab Kathiresan61 kuj tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig synergistic ntawm malathion nrog cov tshuaj ntsuab extracts. Qhov kev teb synergistic no yuav yog vim muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm malathion thiab phytochemicals ntawm cov kab detoxifying enzymes. Organophosphates xws li malathion feem ntau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txwv cytochrome P450 esterases thiab monooxygenases62,63,64. Yog li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm malathion nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab terpenes nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov yoov tshaj cum.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tawm tsam qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj xaiv tsis tshua muaj zog ua ke dua li txhua yam tshuaj ib leeg. Qhov laj thawj rau kev tawm tsam hauv qee qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav yog tias ib qho tshuaj hloov pauv tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm yam tshuaj los ntawm kev hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm kev nqus, kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, lossis kev tso tawm. Cov kws tshawb fawb thaum ntxov xav tias qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke tshuaj. Cov tshuaj molecules Tej zaum yuav muaj 65. Ib yam li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj kev tawm tsam tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev sib tw ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw rau tib lub receptor lossis lub hom phiaj. Hauv qee kis, kev txwv tsis pub sib tw ntawm cov protein lub hom phiaj kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, ob lub tshuaj organosulfur, diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide, tau qhia txog cov teebmeem tawm tsam, tej zaum vim yog kev sib tw rau tib lub hom phiaj. Ib yam li ntawd, ob lub tshuaj sulfur no tau qhia txog cov teebmeem tawm tsam thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thaum ua ke nrog eudesmol thiab α-pinene. Eudesmol thiab alpha-pinene yog cyclic hauv xwm, thaum diallyl disulfide thiab diallyl trisulfide yog aliphatic hauv xwm. Raws li cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tuag tag nrho vim tias lawv cov chaw tsom feem ntau txawv 34,47, tab sis peb tau sim ua ntej pom kev tawm tsam, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv qee cov kab mob tsis paub hauv vivo. cov kab ke ua ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cineole thiab α-pinene tsim cov lus teb tawm tsam, txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm tias ob lub tshuaj muaj cov hom phiaj sib txawv ntawm kev ua 47,60. Txij li thaum ob lub tshuaj yog cyclic monoterpenes, tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov chaw tsom uas yuav sib tw rau kev khi thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov kev lom tag nrho ntawm cov khub sib xyaw ua ke uas tau kawm.
Raws li LC50 tus nqi thiab kev tuag pom, ob qho kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws tau xaiv, uas yog cov khub ntawm carvone + limonene thiab eucalyptol + eudesmol, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws organophosphorus malathion nrog terpenes. Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm malathion + Eudesmol compounds tau sim hauv cov neeg laus bioassay tshuaj tua kab. Lub hom phiaj cov kab loj kom paub meej tias cov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo no puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov neeg coob coob hla qhov chaw loj heev. Tag nrho cov kev sib xyaw ua ke no qhia txog kev cuam tshuam synergistic tawm tsam cov kab loj. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau txais rau kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws synergistic larvicidal sim tawm tsam cov pej xeem loj ntawm Aedes aegypti larvae. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem hais tias kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo larvicidal thiab adulcidal ntawm cov nroj tsuag EO compounds yog tus neeg sib tw muaj zog tawm tsam cov tshuaj synthetic uas twb muaj lawm thiab tuaj yeem siv ntxiv los tswj cov pej xeem Aedes aegypti. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov neeg laus nrog terpenes kuj tseem siv tau los txo cov koob tshuaj ntawm thymetphos lossis malathion uas muab rau cov yoov tshaj cum. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj zog no yuav muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj hauv cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes.
Cov qe ntawm Aedes aegypti tau sau los ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob Hauv Cheeb Tsam, Dibrugarh, Indian Council of Medical Research thiab khaws cia rau hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias (28 ± 1 °C) thiab av noo (85 ± 5%) hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zoology, Gauhati University raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: Arivoli tau piav qhia et al. Tom qab hatching, cov menyuam kab tau pub zaub mov rau cov menyuam kab (hmoov ncuav qab zib dev thiab poov xab hauv qhov sib piv 3: 1) thiab cov laus tau pub 10% kua qab zib. Pib hnub 3 tom qab tawm los, cov yoov tshaj cum poj niam laus tau tso cai nqus cov ntshav ntawm cov nas albino. Muab daim ntawv lim dej tso rau hauv dej hauv lub khob thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tawb tso qe.
Cov qauv cog qoob loo uas tau xaiv yog nplooj eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), basil dawb huv (Lamiaceae), mint (Lamiaceae), melaleuca (Myrtaceae) thiab allium bulbs (Amaryllidaceae). Sau los ntawm Guwahati thiab tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm Department of Botany, Gauhati University. Cov qauv cog qoob loo uas tau sau (500 g) tau raug hydrodistillation siv lub tshuab Clevenger rau 6 teev. Cov EO uas tau rho tawm tau sau rau hauv cov fwj iav huv thiab khaws cia rau ntawm 4°C rau kev kawm ntxiv.
Kev lom ntawm cov kab mob larvicidal tau kawm siv cov txheej txheem kho me ntsis ntawm Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb 67. Siv DMSO ua cov emulsifier. Txhua qhov kev ntsuas EO tau sim thawj zaug ntawm 100 thiab 1000 ppm, qhia txog 20 tus kab mob larvae hauv txhua qhov rov ua dua. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig, ntau yam kev ntsuas tau siv thiab kev tuag tau sau tseg los ntawm 1 teev txog 6 teev (ntawm 1 teev sib nrug), thiab ntawm 24 teev, 48 teev thiab 72 teev tom qab kev kho mob. Cov kev ntsuas sublethal (LC50) tau txiav txim siab tom qab 24, 48 thiab 72 teev ntawm kev raug. Txhua qhov kev ntsuas tau ntsuas hauv peb zaug nrog rau ib qho kev tswj tsis zoo (dej xwb) thiab ib qho kev tswj zoo (dej kho DMSO). Yog tias cov menyuam yaus tshwm sim thiab ntau dua 10% ntawm cov kab mob larvae ntawm pawg tswj tuag, qhov kev sim rov ua dua. Yog tias tus nqi tuag hauv pawg tswj yog ntawm 5-10%, siv Abbott kho cov mis 68.
Txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Ramar et al. 69 tau siv rau kev kuaj mob rau cov neeg laus tiv thaiv Aedes aegypti siv acetone ua cov kuab tshuaj. Txhua EO tau sim thawj zaug tiv thaiv cov yoov tshaj cum Aedes aegypti laus ntawm cov concentration ntawm 100 thiab 1000 ppm. Siv 2 ml ntawm txhua qhov kev daws teeb meem rau tus lej Whatman. 1 daim ntawv lim (loj 12 x 15 cm2) thiab cia acetone evaporate rau 10 feeb. Daim ntawv lim kho nrog tsuas yog 2 ml ntawm acetone tau siv ua kev tswj hwm. Tom qab acetone tau evaporated, daim ntawv lim kho thiab daim ntawv lim tswj hwm tau muab tso rau hauv lub raj cylindrical (10 cm tob). Kaum tus yoov tshaj cum uas tsis pub ntshav noj 3- txog 4 hnub tau hloov mus rau triplicates ntawm txhua qhov concentration. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua ntej, ntau yam concentration ntawm cov roj xaiv tau sim. Kev tuag tau sau tseg ntawm 1 teev, 2 teev, 3 teev, 4 teev, 5 teev, 6 teev, 24 teev, 48 teev thiab 72 teev tom qab tso tawm yoov tshaj cum. Xam LC50 tus nqi rau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj ntawm 24 teev, 48 teev thiab 72 teev. Yog tias tus nqi tuag ntawm cov pawg tswj hwm tshaj 20%, rov ua qhov kev sim tag nrho. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias tus nqi tuag hauv pawg tswj hwm ntau dua 5%, kho cov txiaj ntsig rau cov qauv kho siv Abbott tus qauv 68.
Cov roj chromatography (Agilent 7890A) thiab mass spectrometry (Accu TOF GCv, Jeol) tau ua los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb uas tau xaiv. Lub GC tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ntes FID thiab lub capillary column (HP5-MS). Cov roj nqa yog helium, tus nqi ntws yog 1 ml / min. Qhov kev pab cuam GC teeb tsa Allium sativum rau 10:80-1M-8-220-5M-8-270-9M thiab Ocimum Sainttum rau 10:80-3M-8-200-3M-10-275-1M-5 – 280, rau mint 10:80-1M-8-200-5M-8-275-1M-5-280, rau eucalyptus 20.60-1M-10-200-3M-30-280, thiab rau liab Rau ib txhiab txheej lawv yog lawv 10: 60-1M-8-220-5M-8-270-3M.
Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm txhua EO tau txheeb xyuas raws li feem pua ntawm thaj chaw suav los ntawm GC chromatogram thiab mass spectrometry cov txiaj ntsig (siv rau NIST 70 cov qauv ntaub ntawv).
Ob lub tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv txhua EO tau raug xaiv raws li cov txiaj ntsig GC-MS thiab yuav los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich ntawm 98–99% purity rau kev kuaj ntxiv. Cov tshuaj tau raug kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj peev xwm tua tau kab thiab kab laus tiv thaiv Aedes aegypti raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov tshuaj tua kab tamephosate (Sigma Aldrich) thiab cov tshuaj malathion laus (Sigma Aldrich) feem ntau siv tau raug tshuaj xyuas los sib piv lawv cov txiaj ntsig nrog cov tshuaj EO xaiv, ua raws li cov txheej txheem tib yam.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj terpene xaiv thiab cov tshuaj terpene ntxiv rau cov tshuaj organophosphates lag luam (tilephos thiab malathion) tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw LC50 koob tshuaj ntawm txhua cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov sib piv 1: 1. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tau npaj tseg tau sim rau ntawm cov theem larval thiab cov neeg laus ntawm Aedes aegypti raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Txhua qhov bioassay tau ua tiav hauv triplicate rau txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab hauv triplicate rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke. Kev tuag ntawm cov kab tsuag tau sau tseg tom qab 24 teev. Xam tus nqi tuag xav tau rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke siv cov mis hauv qab no.
qhov twg E = tus nqi tuag ntawm Aedes aegypti yoov tshaj cum teb rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, piv txwv li kev sib txuas (A + B).
Cov nyhuv ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw binary tau muab sau ua synergistic, antagonistic, lossis tsis muaj teebmeem raws li tus nqi χ2 xam los ntawm txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Pavla52. Xam tus nqi χ2 rau txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke siv cov mis hauv qab no.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke tau txhais tias yog kev sib koom ua ke thaum tus nqi χ2 uas tau xam tau ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm lub rooj rau cov qib kev ywj pheej sib xws (95% kev ntseeg siab) thiab yog tias qhov kev tuag uas tau pom tau pom tias ntau dua li qhov kev tuag uas xav tau. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias tus nqi χ2 uas tau xam rau txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm lub rooj nrog qee qib kev ywj pheej, tab sis qhov kev tuag uas tau pom qis dua li qhov kev tuag uas xav tau, kev kho mob raug suav hais tias yog kev tawm tsam. Thiab yog tias hauv txhua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke tus nqi ntawm χ2 uas tau xam tau tsawg dua li tus nqi ntawm lub rooj hauv cov qib kev ywj pheej sib xws, kev sib xyaw ua ke raug suav hais tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Peb txog plaub qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj peev xwm ua ke (100 tus kab menyuam thiab 50 tus kab tua kab thiab cov kab laus) tau raug xaiv los sim tawm tsam ntau tus kab. Cov neeg laus) ua raws li saum toj no. Nrog rau cov khoom sib xyaw, cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom sib xyaw xaiv kuj tau raug sim rau cov kab menyuam thiab cov neeg laus Aedes aegypti sib npaug. Qhov sib piv sib xyaw ua ke yog ib feem LC50 koob tshuaj ntawm ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw thiab ib feem LC50 koob tshuaj ntawm lwm cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Hauv kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj sib xyaw xaiv tau yaj rau hauv cov tshuaj acetone thiab siv rau ntawm daim ntawv lim uas qhwv rau hauv lub thawv yas cylindrical 1300 cm3. Cov acetone tau evaporated rau 10 feeb thiab cov neeg laus tau raug tso tawm. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv kev ntsuas kev tua kab, cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke LC50 tau raug yaj ua ntej hauv cov ntim sib npaug ntawm DMSO thiab tom qab ntawd sib xyaw nrog 1 liv dej khaws cia rau hauv 1300 cc yas thawv, thiab cov kab menyuam tau raug tso tawm.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm 71 cov ntaub ntawv tuag tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv SPSS (version 16) thiab Minitab software los xam LC50 tus nqi.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-01-2024