Cov huab cua huv huv, dej thiab cov av noj qab haus huv yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ecosystems uas cuam tshuam rau plaub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kom muaj sia nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tua kab muaj tshuaj lom muaj nyob rau hauv ecosystems thiab feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv av, dej (ob qho tib si khoom thiab kua) thiab ambient huab cua nyob rau theem siab tshaj US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cov qauv. Cov tshuaj tua kab residues undergo hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation thiab biodegradation, uas ua rau muaj ntau yam transformation cov khoom uas muaj xws li lawv niam lawv txiv tebchaw. Piv txwv li, 90% ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab biomarker hauv lawv lub cev (ob qho tib si niam txiv thiab cov metabolite). Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub neej xws li thaum yau, hluas, cev xeeb tub thiab hnub nyoog laus. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj tua kab tau ntev lawm muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev noj qab haus huv (xws li kev cuam tshuam endocrine, mob qog noj ntshav, teeb meem kev loj hlob / yug me nyuam, neurotoxicity, biodiversity poob, thiab lwm yam) ntawm ib puag ncig (xws li tsiaj qus, biodiversity thiab tib neeg noj qab haus huv). Yog li, kev raug tshuaj tua kab thiab lawv cov PDs tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau cov teebmeem ntawm endocrine system.
EU tus kws tshaj lij ntawm endocrine disruptors (kawg) Dr. Theo Colborne tau faib ntau tshaj 50 yam tshuaj tua kab uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob endocrine disruptors (ED), suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv tsev xws li tshuaj ntxuav tes, tshuaj tua kab mob, yas thiab tshuaj tua kab. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev cuam tshuam ntawm endocrine cuam tshuam rau ntau yam tshuaj tua kab xws li tshuaj tua kab mob atrazine thiab 2,4-D, cov tshuaj tua kab tsiaj fipronil, thiab kev tsim khoom-derived dioxins (TCDD). Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hormones thiab ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tsis zoo, kab mob, thiab teeb meem kev loj hlob. Cov kab mob endocrine yog tsim los ntawm cov qog (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, thiab pituitary) thiab cov tshuaj hormones uas lawv tsim (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, thiab adrenaline). Cov qog no thiab lawv cov tshuaj hormones tswj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj, nrog rau tib neeg. Cov kab mob endocrine yog ib qho teeb meem tas li thiab loj hlob tuaj uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg tawm tswv yim sib cav tias txoj cai yuav tsum tswj hwm cov cai nruj dua ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev cuam tshuam ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab.
Txoj kev tshawb no yog ib qho ntawm ntau tus uas lees paub tias cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab puas muaj tshuaj lom lossis ua tau zoo dua li lawv cov niam txiv sib xyaw. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) tau dav siv rau kev tswj yoov tshaj cum thiab tsuas yog cov tshuaj tua kab uas tau pom zoo los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) rau kev tswj yoov tshaj cum hauv cov ntim dej haus. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag tag nrho xya TP Pyrs muaj cov tshuaj estrogen-depleting hauv cov ntshav, ob lub raum, thiab daim siab. Malathion yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab nrov uas inhibits cov haujlwm ntawm acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Inhibition ntawm AChE ua rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm acetylcholine, tshuaj neurotransmitter lub luag haujlwm rau lub hlwb thiab cov leeg ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj lom neeg no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo xws li kev tswj tsis tau nrawm ntawm qee cov leeg, ua pa tuag tes tuag taw, convulsions, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, txawm li cas los xij, acetylcholinesterase inhibition tsis yog tshwj xeeb, ua rau kev sib kis ntawm malathion. Qhov no yog kev hem thawj rau cov tsiaj qus thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ob lub TPs ntawm malathion muaj kev cuam tshuam endocrine cuam tshuam ntawm cov noob qhia, cov tshuaj hormone secretion, thiab glucocorticoid (carbohydrate, protein, rog) metabolism. Kev degradation sai ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab fenoxaprop-ethyl ua rau tsim ob qho tshuaj lom TPs uas nce gene qhia 5.8-12-fold thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen. Thaum kawg, lub ntsiab TF ntawm benalaxil tseem nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntev dua li cov niam txiv sib xyaw, yog cov tshuaj estrogen receptor alpha antagonist, thiab txhim kho cov noob qhia 3-fold. Plaub yam tshuaj tua kab hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis yog tshuaj lom neeg ntawm kev txhawj xeeb xwb; ntau lwm tus kuj tsim cov khoom puas tsuaj. Ntau yam txwv tsis pub siv tshuaj tua kab, cov tshuaj tua kab qub thiab tshiab, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tso tawm tag nrho cov phosphorus uas ua phem rau tib neeg thiab ecosystem.
Cov tshuaj tua kab txwv tsis pub DDT thiab nws cov metabolite tseem ceeb DDE tseem nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntau xyoo tom qab siv tau raug tshem tawm, nrog rau US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kuaj pom cov tshuaj muaj ntau tshaj li qhov tau txais. Thaum DDT thiab DDE yaj hauv lub cev rog thiab nyob ntawd tau ntau xyoo, DDE nyob hauv lub cev ntev dua. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kabmob (CDC) pom tias DDE tau kis tus kabmob rau 99 feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev kawm. Zoo li endocrine cuam tshuam, raug rau DDT ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib, thaum ntxov menopause, txo cov phev suav, endometriosis, congenital anomalies, autism, vitamin D deficiency, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, thiab rog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias DDE tseem muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li nws cov niam txiv sib xyaw. Cov metabolite no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntau yam, ua rau rog rog thiab ntshav qab zib, thiab ua rau muaj kev mob qog nqaij hlav cancer mis ntau ntau tiam neeg. Qee cov tshuaj tua kab laus, suav nrog organophosphates xws li malathion, yog tsim los ntawm tib lub tebchaw xws li World War II paj hlwb (Agent Orange), uas cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Triclosan, tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob txwv tsis pub nyob hauv ntau cov zaub mov, nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam carcinogenic degradation xws li chloroform thiab 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Cov tshuaj "Tom ntej no" cov tshuaj, suav nrog glyphosate thiab neonicotinoids, ua sai sai thiab tawg sai, yog li lawv tsis tshua muaj kev tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov qis dua ntawm cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov tshuaj qub thiab xav tau ob peb kilograms tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws lossis hnyav dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob glyphosate hloov mus rau cov tshuaj lom AMPA metabolite uas hloov cov noob qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ionic metabolites tshiab xws li denitroimidacloprid thiab decyanothiacloprid yog 300 thiab ~ 200 npaug ntau lom rau cov tsiaj me dua li cov niam txiv imidacloprid, feem.
Cov tshuaj tua kab thiab lawv cov TFs tuaj yeem nce qib ntawm kev mob hnyav thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg tuag taus uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev rau hom kev nplua nuj thiab biodiversity. Ntau yam tshuaj tua kab yav dhau los thiab tam sim no ua zoo ib yam li lwm cov pa phem ib puag ncig, thiab tib neeg yuav raug rau cov tshuaj no tib lub sijhawm. Feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no ua ke los yog sib koom ua ke los tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke hnyav dua. Synergy yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj tua kab sib xyaw thiab tuaj yeem kwv yees cov tshuaj lom neeg rau tib neeg, tsiaj noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no kev soj ntsuam ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, metabolites thiab lwm yam kab mob ib puag ncig.
Kev nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam uas endocrine cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tua kab thiab lawv cov khoom tawg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tiam tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub etiology ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab yog to taub tsis zoo, nrog rau kev kwv yees ncua sij hawm ncua ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kis mob.
Ib txoj hauv kev los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig yog yuav, loj hlob thiab tswj cov khoom organic. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum hloov mus rau kev noj zaub mov zoo tag nrho, cov tshuaj tua kab metabolites hauv cov zis poob qis heev. Kev ua liaj ua teb organic muaj ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txo cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg ua liaj ua teb. Cov kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev siv cov kev coj noj coj ua tshiab thiab siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab tsawg tshaj plaws. Raws li kev siv dav dav ntawm cov tswv yim uas tsis yog tshuaj tua kab, ob tsev neeg thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cog qoob loo tuaj yeem siv cov kev coj ua no los tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-06-2023