Ua piv txwv xyoo 2014, kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides yog US $ 1.217 billion, suav txog 4.6% ntawm US $ 26.440 billion thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab thiab 1.9% ntawm US $ 63.212 billion thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab. Txawm hais tias nws tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li amino acids thiab sulfonylureas, nws kuj muaj qhov chaw hauv khw muag tshuaj herbicide (ranked thib rau hauv ntiaj teb kev muag khoom).
Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog siv rau kev tswj cov nyom nyom. Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1960 thaum Hoechst (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) hloov phenyl pawg hauv 2,4-D qauv nrog diphenyl ether thiab tsim thawj tiam ntawm aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides. "Grass Ling". Xyoo 1971, nws tau txiav txim siab tias niam txiv nplhaib qauv muaj A thiab B. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab ntawm hom no tau hloov kho raws li nws, hloov lub nplhaib A benzene ntawm ib sab mus rau hauv lub nplhaib heterocyclic lossis fused, thiab qhia cov pab pawg xws li F. atoms rau hauv lub nplhaib, ua rau cov khoom siv nrog ntau dua kev ua haujlwm. , xaiv tshuaj tua kab ntau dua.
APP herbicide qauv
Kev loj hlob keeb kwm ntawm propionic acid herbicides
Mechanism ntawm kev ua
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides feem ntau yog active inhibitors ntawm acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), yog li inhibiting lub synthesis ntawm fatty acids, uas ua rau lub synthesis ntawm oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thiab waxy txheej thiab cuticle txheej txheem raug thaiv, ua rau ceev ceev. kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag daim nyias nyias, nce permeability, thiab thaum kawg tuag ntawm lub cog.
Nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj toxicity, siab selectivity, kev nyab xeeb rau cov qoob loo thiab yooj yim degradation tau zoo heev txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev xaiv herbicides.
Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm AAP tshuaj tua kab mob yog tias lawv ua haujlwm optically, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov isomers sib txawv nyob rau hauv tib cov qauv tshuaj, thiab cov isomers sib txawv muaj cov dej num sib txawv. Ntawm lawv, R(-)-isomer tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hom phiaj enzyme, thaiv kev tsim ntawm auxin thiab gibberellin hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo tshuaj ntsuab, thaum S(+)-isomer yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm ob yog 8-12 zaug.
Kev lag luam APP tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau ua tiav rau hauv esters, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag; Txawm li cas los xij, esters feem ntau muaj tsawg dua solubility thiab muaj zog adsorption, yog li lawv tsis yooj yim rau leach thiab yooj yim dua absorbed rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. hauv av.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl yog phenoxypropionate herbicide tsim los ntawm ciba-Geigy hauv 1981. Nws lub npe lag luam yog Topic thiab nws cov tshuaj npe yog (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro). -2-Pyridyloxy) propargyl propionate.
Propargyl yog fluorine-muaj, optically active aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide. Nws yog siv rau tom qab tshwm sim qia thiab nplooj kev kho mob los tswj gramineous nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv hom qoob mog, rye, triticale thiab lwm yam cereal teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau wheatgrass thiab wheatgrass. Ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tswj cov nyom nyuaj xws li oats qus. Siv rau tom qab qhov tshwm sim qia thiab nplooj kho kom tswj tau cov nyom txhua xyoo, xws li oats qus, dub oat nyom, foxtail nyom, nyom nyom, thiab wheatgrass. Qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 30 ~ 60g / hm2. Txoj kev siv tshwj xeeb yog: los ntawm 2-nplooj nplooj ntawm cov nplej mus rau theem sib koom ua ke, siv cov tshuaj tua kab rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm 2-8 nplooj nplooj. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, siv 20-30 grams ntawm Maiji (15% clofenacetate wettable hmoov) ib evkawj. 30-40g ntawm heev (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable hmoov), ntxiv 15-30kg dej thiab tshuaj tsuag tusyees.
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm clodinafop-propargyl yog acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj yog absorbed los ntawm nplooj thiab nplooj sheaths ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua los ntawm phloem, thiab accumulated nyob rau hauv lub meristem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor. Coenzyme A carboxylase nres fatty acid synthesis, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kev faib tawm, thiab rhuav tshem cov lipid-muaj cov qauv xws li cov txheej txheem membrane, thaum kawg ua rau cov nroj tsuag tuag. Lub sij hawm los ntawm clodinafop-propargyl mus rau kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag kuj qeeb, feem ntau siv 1 mus rau 3 lub lis piam.
Lub ntsiab formulations ntawm clodinafop-propargyl yog 8%, 15%, 20%, thiab 30% aqueous emulsions, 15% thiab 24% microemulsions, 15% thiab 20% wettable hmoov, thiab 8% thiab 14% dispersible roj suspensions. 24% yog '.
Synthesis
(R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm α-chloropropionic acid thiab hydroquinone, thiab tom qab ntawd etherified los ntawm kev ntxiv 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine yam tsis muaj kev sib cais. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws reacts nrog chloropropyne kom tau clodinafop-propargyl. Tom qab crystallization, cov khoom cov ntsiab lus nce mus txog 97% mus rau 98%, thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig nce mus txog 85%.
Export xwm txheej
Cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai qhia tau hais tias xyoo 2019, kuv lub teb chaws tau xa tawm tag nrho ntawm 35.77 lab nyiaj daus las (cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav, suav nrog kev npaj thiab tshuaj siv). Ntawm lawv, thawj lub teb chaws importing yog Kazakhstan, uas yog imports mas npaj, nrog rau cov nyiaj ntawm 8.6515 lab US las, ua raws li Russia, nrog rau kev npaj muaj kev thov rau ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab raw cov ntaub ntawv, nrog ib tug ntim ntawm US $ 3.6481 lab. Qhov thib peb yog lub Netherlands, nrog rau qhov ntim ntawm US $ 3.582 lab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Canada, Is Nrias teb, Ixayees, Sudan thiab lwm lub tebchaws kuj tseem yog cov chaw xa tawm tseem ceeb ntawm clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl yog hom qoob loo tshwj xeeb tshuaj tua kab tsim thiab tsim los ntawm Dow AgroSciences hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1987. Nws tseem yog tib qho tshuaj tua kab aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov nplej. Xyoo 1998, Dow AgroSciences ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog thawj zaug rau npe cyhalofop technical hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Cov patent tau tas sij hawm hauv 2006, thiab kev sau npe hauv tsev tau pib ib qho tom qab. Xyoo 2007, ib lub tuam txhab hauv tsev (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) tau sau npe thawj zaug.
Dow lub npe lag luam yog Clincher, thiab nws lub npe tshuaj yog (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (active ingredient: 10% cyhalomefen EC) thiab Daoxi (60g / L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), uas tau los ua nrov nyob rau hauv Suav lag luam, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nyab xeeb. Nws occupies lub mainstream lag luam ntawm nplej teb herbicides nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, zoo ib yam li lwm yam aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, yog fatty acid synthesis inhibitor thiab inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Feem ntau absorbed los ntawm nplooj thiab tsis muaj av ua si. Cyhalofop-ethyl yog qhov systemic thiab sai sai absorbed los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Tom qab kev kho tshuaj, cov nyom nyom tsis loj hlob tam sim ntawd, yellowing tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2 mus rau 7 hnub, thiab tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav necrotic thiab tuag nyob rau hauv 2 mus rau 3 lub lis piam.
Cyhalofop yog siv tom qab kev kub ntxhov los tswj cov nroj tsuag gramineous hauv teb nplej. Qhov ntau npaum li cas rau cov nplej kub yog 75-100g / hm2, thiab ntau npaum li cas rau cov nplej kub yog 180-310g / hm2. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Me chaff nyom, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-nplooj millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, thiab lwm yam.
Siv 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC ua piv txwv. Nyob rau ntawm 1.5-2.5 nplooj theem ntawm barnyardgrass nyob rau hauv yub yields thiab 2-3 nplooj theem ntawm stephanotis nyob rau hauv ncaj-seeded nplej teb, lub stems thiab nplooj yog txau thiab txau tusyees nrog zoo pos huab. Tso dej ua ntej siv cov tshuaj tua kab kom ntau tshaj 2/3 ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nplooj raug rau cov dej. Kev ywg dej tsis pub dhau 24 teev txog 72 teev tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab, thiab tuav cov txheej dej 3-5 cm rau 5-7 hnub. Siv tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug rau lub caij cog qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj no muaj tshuaj lom heev rau cov dej arthropods, yog li tsis txhob ntws mus rau hauv cov chaw aquaculture. Thaum sib xyaw nrog qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, nws tuaj yeem pom cov teebmeem antagonistic, uas ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cyhalofop.
Nws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g / L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable hmoov (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15% 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion 10%, 15%, 250g / L), cyhalofop roj ncua (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible roj ncua (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% , 40% yog '); Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke suav nrog oxafop-propyl thiab penoxsufen Cov tshuaj amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-24-2024