Piv txwv li, piv txwv li xyoo 2014, kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab aryloxyphenoxypropionate yog US $ 1.217 billion, suav txog 4.6% ntawm US $ 26.440 billion kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab thoob ntiaj teb thiab 1.9% ntawm US $ 63.212 billion kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias nws tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab xws li amino acids thiab sulfonylureas, nws kuj muaj qhov chaw hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab (qeb thib rau hauv kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb).
Cov tshuaj tua kab Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) feem ntau yog siv rau kev tswj cov nyom nyom. Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1960 thaum Hoechst (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) hloov pawg phenyl hauv 2,4-D qauv nrog diphenyl ether thiab tsim thawj tiam ntawm aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides. "Grass Ling". Xyoo 1971, nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov qauv niam txiv lub nplhaib muaj A thiab B. Cov tshuaj tua kab tom qab ntawm hom no tau hloov kho raws li nws, hloov lub nplhaib A benzene ntawm ib sab mus rau hauv lub nplhaib heterocyclic lossis fused, thiab qhia cov pab pawg nquag xws li F atoms rau hauv lub nplhaib, ua rau muaj ntau yam khoom nrog kev ua haujlwm siab dua. , ntau cov tshuaj tua kab xaiv.
Cov qauv tshuaj tua kab APP
Keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm propionic acid herbicides
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Cov tshuaj tua kab Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid feem ntau yog cov tshuaj inhibitors ntawm acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), yog li ntawd inhibiting qhov synthesis ntawm fatty acids, ua rau cov synthesis ntawm oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thiab cov txheej txheem waxy thiab cuticle txheej txheem raug thaiv, ua rau kev puas tsuaj sai ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub membrane qauv, nce permeability, thiab thaum kawg tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, xaiv siab, kev nyab xeeb rau cov qoob loo thiab yooj yim degradation tau txhawb nqa kev tsim cov tshuaj ntsuab xaiv.
Lwm yam ntxwv ntawm AAP tshuaj tua kab yog tias lawv muaj zog optically, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov isomers sib txawv nyob rau hauv tib lub qauv tshuaj, thiab cov isomers sib txawv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab sib txawv. Ntawm lawv, R (-) -isomer tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hom phiaj enzyme, thaiv kev tsim ntawm auxin thiab gibberellin hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab qhia cov tshuaj tua kab zoo, thaum S (+) -isomer yeej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob yog 8-12 zaug.
Cov tshuaj tua kab APP uas muag hauv khw feem ntau yog ua tiav rau hauv cov esters, ua rau lawv yooj yim dua rau cov nroj tsuag nqus tau; txawm li cas los xij, cov esters feem ntau muaj qhov solubility tsawg dua thiab muaj zog dua, yog li lawv tsis yooj yim rau leach thiab yooj yim dua rau cov nroj tsuag nqus tau hauv av.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl yog tshuaj tua kab phenoxypropionate uas ciba-Geigy tsim tawm xyoo 1981. Nws lub npe lag luam yog Topic thiab nws lub npe tshuaj yog (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro). -2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
Propargyl yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab uas muaj fluorine, thiab muaj zog heev rau kev tua kab aryloxyphenoxypropionate. Nws siv rau kev kho cov qia thiab nplooj tom qab tawg paj los tswj cov nroj tsuag gramineous hauv cov teb nplej, rye, triticale thiab lwm yam teb nplej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov nyom nplej thiab nyom nplej. Zoo rau kev tswj cov nroj tsuag nyuaj xws li cov qos yaj ywm qus. Siv rau kev kho cov qia thiab nplooj tom qab tawg paj los tswj cov nroj tsuag nyom txhua xyoo, xws li cov qos yaj ywm qus, nyom oat dub, nyom foxtail, nyom teb, thiab nyom nplej. Qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 30 ~ 60g / hm2. Txoj kev siv tshwj xeeb yog: txij li theem 2-nplooj ntawm cov nplej mus rau theem sib koom ua ke, siv cov tshuaj tua kab rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm theem 2-8 nplooj. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, siv 20-30 grams ntawm Maiji (15% clofenacetate hmoov ntub dej) ib acre. 30-40g ntawm cov hmoov ntub dej heev (15% clodinafop-propargyl hmoov ntub dej), ntxiv 15-30kg dej thiab tsuag kom sib npaug.
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm clodinafop-propargyl yog acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors thiab systemic conductive herbicides. Cov tshuaj no nqus tau los ntawm nplooj thiab nplooj sheaths ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua los ntawm phloem, thiab sau rau hauv meristem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor. Coenzyme A carboxylase nres fatty acid synthesis, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov cell thiab faib, thiab rhuav tshem cov qauv lipid xws li membrane systems, thaum kawg ua rau cov nroj tsuag tuag. Lub sijhawm los ntawm clodinafop-propargyl mus rau kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qeeb heev, feem ntau siv sijhawm 1 txog 3 lub lis piam.
Cov tshuaj clodinafop-propargyl feem ntau yog 8%, 15%, 20%, thiab 30% cov tshuaj emulsions uas yog dej, 15% thiab 24% microemulsions, 15% thiab 20% cov hmoov uas ntub tau, thiab 8% thiab 14% cov roj uas yaj tau thiab 24% cov tshuaj pleev.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke
(R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm α-chloropropionic acid thiab hydroquinone, thiab tom qab ntawd etherified los ntawm kev ntxiv 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine yam tsis muaj kev sib cais. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, nws reacts nrog chloropropyne kom tau txais clodinafop-propargyl. Tom qab crystallization, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ncav cuag 97% txog 98%, thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ncav cuag 85%.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev xa tawm
Cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai qhia tau tias xyoo 2019, kuv lub teb chaws tau xa tawm tag nrho 35.77 lab daus las Asmeskas (cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav, suav nrog cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj siv). Ntawm lawv, thawj lub teb chaws xa khoom yog Kazakhstan, uas xa khoom feem ntau yog cov tshuaj, nrog rau 8.6515 lab daus las Asmeskas, ua raws li Lavxias, nrog cov tshuaj Muaj kev thov rau ob qho tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv raw, nrog rau qhov ntim khoom xa tuaj ntawm US $ 3.6481 lab. Qhov chaw thib peb yog Netherlands, nrog rau qhov ntim khoom xa tuaj ntawm US $ 3.582 lab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Canada, Is Nrias teb, Ixayees, Sudan thiab lwm lub teb chaws kuj yog cov chaw xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl yog tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb rau cov nplej uas Dow AgroSciences tsim thiab tsim tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1987. Nws kuj yog tib hom tshuaj tua kab mob aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid uas muaj kev nyab xeeb heev rau cov nplej. Xyoo 1998, Dow AgroSciences ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog thawj tus sau npe cyhalofop kev siv tshuab hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Daim ntawv pov thawj patent tas sij hawm xyoo 2006, thiab kev sau npe hauv tsev tau pib ib qho tom qab ib qho. Xyoo 2007, ib lub tuam txhab hauv tsev (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) tau sau npe thawj zaug.
Dow lub npe lag luam yog Clincher, thiab nws lub npe tshuaj yog (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (cov khoom xyaw nquag: 10% cyhalomefen EC) thiab Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), uas tau nrov hauv kev lag luam Suav teb, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nws nyob hauv kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv teb mov hauv kuv lub tebchaws.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, zoo ib yam li lwm cov tshuaj tua kab aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid, yog ib qho tshuaj uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov roj fatty acid thiab tiv thaiv acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Feem ntau nws nqus tau los ntawm nplooj thiab tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm hauv av. Cyhalofop-ethyl yog cov tshuaj uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab nqus tau sai sai los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab kev kho tshuaj, cov nroj tsuag tsis loj hlob tam sim ntawd, daj tshwm sim hauv 2 txog 7 hnub, thiab tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav lwj thiab tuag hauv 2 txog 3 lub lis piam.
Cyhalofop siv tom qab tawg paj los tswj cov nroj tsuag gramineous hauv cov teb mov. Cov tshuaj rau mov sov yog 75-100g/hm2, thiab cov tshuaj rau mov sov yog 180-310g/hm2. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Cov nyom me me, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, thiab lwm yam.
Piv txwv li, siv 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC. Thaum cov nyom barnyardgrass muaj 1.5-2.5 nplooj hauv cov teb cog qoob loo thiab thaum cov nyom stephanotis muaj 2-3 nplooj hauv cov teb cog qoob loo, cov qia thiab nplooj yuav tsum tau txau thiab txau kom sib npaug nrog cov pa dej me me. Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj tua kab, yaug dej kom ntau tshaj 2/3 ntawm cov qia thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug dej. Ua kom dej ntws hauv 24 teev txog 72 teev tom qab siv cov tshuaj tua kab, thiab tswj kom muaj txheej dej 3-5 cm rau 5-7 hnub. Siv tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug rau ib lub caij cog qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no muaj tshuaj lom rau cov kab hauv dej, yog li tsis txhob ntws mus rau hauv cov chaw cog qoob loo. Thaum sib xyaw nrog qee cov tshuaj tua kab nplooj dav, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cyhalofop.
Nws cov ntawv qhia tshuaj tseem ceeb yog: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable hmoov (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop roj ncua (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible roj ncua (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%); cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw suav nrog oxafop-propyl thiab penoxsufen Cov tshuaj ntawm amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-24-2024